PDF English Reasons for Colonization1 Additional reasons for colonization [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield. It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. [10], In the late 1590s Hakluyt became the client and personal chaplain of Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Lord Burghley's son, who was to be Hakluyt's most fruitful patron. on 19 February 1574, and shortly after taking his Master of Arts (M.A.) He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. "[3] Some of Hakluyt's ancestors established themselves at Yatton in Herefordshire,[4][5][6] and must have ranked amongst the principal landowners of the county. [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. The burial register merely states that Hakluyt was buried "in the Abbey" without giving an exact location, and there is no monument or gravestone: personal e-mail communication on 10 May 2007 with Miss Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Muniments, Westminster Abbey Library. Frobisher's First Voyage - CBC Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. The displacement of catholic Spain in the colonial race and substituting it with Protestant England is of critical importance. His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. Harding and the Return to Normalcy (1920), Crystal Eastman, Now We Can Begin (1920), Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1921), Hiram Evans on the The Klans Fight for Americanism (1926), Herbert Hoover, Principles and Ideals of the United States Government (1928), Ellen Welles Page, A Flappers Appeal to Parents (1922), Huey P. Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. 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Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. c. 1552-1616. His published collections of documents relating to early English explorations are regarded among the "great books" of American history for their stimulation of interest in New World colonization. 4. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Richard Hakluyt | Biography, Significance, & Facts | Britannica He argues that the expansion will not just provide England with peace. [10] These religious occupations have occasioned reconsideration of the role played by spiritual concerns in Hakluyt's writings on exploration, settlement, and England's relations with its Catholic rivals. In 1583 Walsingham, then one of the most important secretaries of state, sent Hakluyt to Paris as chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador there. His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. The same year, his edition of Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's De Orbe Nouo Decades Octo saw the light at Paris. They saw colonization primarily as an economic venture that would open up hugely profitable new opportunities for English merchants. All rights reserved. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. He also became a minister in the Church of England. Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. IV of, This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 03:18. 2021. Hakluyt was concerned with the activities of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher, who were both searching for a passage to the East; was consulting Abraham Ortelius, compiler of the worlds first atlas, and Gerardus Mercator, the Flemish mapmaker, on cosmographical problems; and was gaining approval for future overseas exploration from such politically prominent men as Lord Burghley, Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons for Colonization, 1585 The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. This period included also the voyages of Christopher Columbus that opened the way for discovery and brought the 'Old' and 'New' Worlds into contact with each other. In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). According to Hakluyt, colonization will enable England to expand its markets to the New World. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. Hakluyt's Voyages brought him to the notice of Lord Howard of Effingham, and Sir Edward Stafford, Lord Howard's brother-in-law. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. 1. professional specifically for you? These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. She is also a writer of historical fiction. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View, Period of the Indians Discovery by Christopher Columbus, Irish in Hakluyt's "Discourse of Western Planting". Corrections? Exploration, American Beginnings: 1492-1690, Primary Resources in U.S He also remarked that it would greatly annoy the Spanish king that England was encroaching upon land that Spain wanted for itself. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. At the age of 30, being acquainted with "the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation,"[11] he was selected as chaplain and secretary to accompany Stafford, now English ambassador at the French court, to Paris in 1583. Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh | Encyclopedia.com In the dedication of the second volume (1599) to his patron, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Hakluyt strongly urged the minister as to the expediency of colonising Virginia. When the colony was at last established in 1607, he supplied this benefice with its chaplain, Robert Hunt. Until after the death of his wife in 1597, little is heard of any geographical work, but he then completed the greatly enlarged second edition of the Voyages, which appeared in three volumes between 1598 and 1600. Richard Hakluyt Biography and Significance - Study.com In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. Updates? A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford.
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