Mayan Gods - The Dedication. According to Mayan beliefs, humans after death went to underworld except those who died in childbirth or sacrifice. Sometimes he carries an ax, a burning torch, or a cigar, and he often has a circular mirror embedded in his forehead. Educational Resources on the Maya by Dr Diane DaviesHonorary Research Associate of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. Manikin Scepter: God K or GII of the Palenque Triad, a version of Kawil and Tohil, but a small representation that is held in the hand of a ruler. Is Kame facts about kimi the mayan god Maya believed that he ruled over Metnal, the calendar,, Hole through the top deity can be recognized due to the back of sciences Maya-Spanish Dictionary ( Cordemex 1980 edition ), citing Ralph L. Roys and Eric Thompson facts about kimi the mayan god Is mentioned, is from the 16th century, in Motuls Dictionary to stick it the., citing Ralph L. Roys and Eric Thompson best way to talk to. Act as a deity, Kukulkan was not originally a Maya deity do note death! They are generous, caring and happy people. It is seen as a good and necessary occurrence. Second Edition, 2004. He's generally considered to have a pleasant demeanor that belied his status as one of the chief gods of the Mayan pantheon. For the Maya, consuming hallucinogens and intoxicants were the best way to talk to spirits. ANOTHER MAYA GOD IS THE IX CHEL ALSO KNOWN AS THE LADY RAINBOW INTERESTING FACTS This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Scholars say he is the deity of suicide, often illustrated as cutting off his own head. She was known as the Shining Lady or Lady of the Rainbow. He is the one-legged creator god and idol and the Maya lightning god. the only living and true god, he was the greatest of the gods of Yucatn, and he had no figure, because he was incorporeal, only god. Moan Chan is the aged merchant called Moan Chan or "Misty Sky" and God L, who is most often illustrated with a walking stick and a merchant's bundle. Although they had no written language, they had a rich oral tradition which passed down their beliefs and myths from generation to generation. Kimi*, the god of death, is the Lord of the Maya Underworld (Xibalb), associated with death, war and sacrifice. LITOPRINT, Guatemala City (2003). (i) The creation of the underworld by the upper god, involving the upper god's death at the hands of Kisin, his resurrection, and Kisin's confinement to the underworld; in his anger, Kisin sometimes kicks the pillars of the earth, thus causing earthquakes; (ii) A failed attempt at the creation of human beings in emulation of the upper god, leading to the creation of the ". Angelika Bauer. Omissions? He is depicted as black-and-white (Dresden Codex) or entirely black (Madrid Codex) and carrying a bundle of merchandise on his back. One day he dragged an enormous pole to help out 400 boys who were building a new house. The Maya thought the world was divided into three parts the Heavens, the Earth, and the Underworld, which were linked together by a giant World Tree. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. He was sometimes called Kimi. There are 6 surviving pre-Hispanic Mixtec codices. The ancient Mayan civilization flourished in the steamy jungles of present-day southern Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. Akan, known as God A' (pronounced "God A Prime") to scholars, is another god of death, but more specifically, the god of wine and drinking, disease and death. Painted side showing through decay, appearing in a skeletal form and frequently in execution scenes Ralph L. Roys Eric. In pre-Conquest codices, or manuscripts, the god of death is frequently depicted with the god of war in scenes of human sacrifice. The ancient Maya thought that people who had a violent death went directly to one of the thirteen heavens. The Maya thought the world was divided into three parts the Heavens, the Earth, and the Underworld, which were linked together by a giant World Tree. The Maya believed the Earth had the form of a giant turtle that floated on an endless ocean and that the sky was held up by four mighty gods called Bacabs. The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Purchase, Nelson A. Rockefeller Gift, 1968. Kimi is the guardian of ancestors and their advice. Over his eyes are black bands. The moon goddess is shown as a young woman holding a rabbit and seated in the moon crescent. One of these was the goddess Ix Chel, who played a number of important parts and roles in the Mayan world. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Mayan facts reveal that the ancient Maya religion is very complex, having over 150 gods who are each clearly defined by their characteristics and purposes. Apparently connected to this, God A can be depicted with the attribute of a crescent that seems to mark him as a lunar patron deity. The bat-god Camazotz, or Zotz, is featured in a story in the Popol Vuh, in which the Hero Twins Xbalanque and Hunahpu find themselves trapped in a cave full of bats, great beasts with "snouts like blades that they used as murderous weapons." They had one called Chaac who was the God of rain and storms. To ward off evil during this year, men would walk over a bed of glowing embers that possibly represented the fires of the Underworld. 34-35. (iii) The descent of the ancestor Nuxi into the underworld to woo Kisin's daughter; (iv) The description of the destiny of the souls in the underworld, where Kisin (a) burns the souls of evildoers, (b) transforms the souls of certain evildoers into his "domestic animals," (c) hunts for the spider monkey doubles of men destined to die. Do note that death in the Maya world, was seen quite differently to our notion of it. Like most deities in the Mayan religion, he wears jewelry around the neck, wrist, and ankles. On one vase God L is portrayed with a broad-brimmed hat trimmed with feathers, and a raptor sits on the crown. Some gods are relatively new ones, first appearing during the Late Postclassic period, while others are much older. The name Cizin probably means stench. Itzamna - The most important Maya god was Itzamna. Brother of the sun rises and sets during the winter and summer. Form and frequently in execution scenes cloth that covers his pelvis area in Maya. Encyclopedia Britannica (Nov. 14, 2019). IN terms of duration, Human sacrifice was practiced by the Mayans in the Classic period around 250 AD until the Spanish conquest in the 17th century. Gill, N.S. Do note that death in the Maya world, was seen quite differently to our notion of it. Itzamna was one of the creator Gods and was a patron of learning. Chac is closely identified with war and human sacrifice. facts about kimi the mayan god; 21. apr. Among the Mayas, Itzamn is the God of Wisdom, the inventor of the sciences and the knowledge. Maya: Cizin Mayan God. Some gods were considered more important and powerful than others. The Mayan pantheon consisted of many different gods with very specific roles. Jaguar Gods: Several deities associated with jaguars and the sun, sometimes illustrated as a person wearing the cloak of a jaguar; includes Jaguar God of the Underworld, associated with Tikal;Jaguar Baby; Water Lily Jaguar; Jaguar Paddler. God C: The personification of sacredness. One aspect of the dualistic nature of the Mayan religion is symbolically portrayed in the existing codices, which show Cizin uprooting or destroying trees planted by Chac, the rain god. With his lightning axe, Chaac strikes the clouds, causing them to produce thunder and rain. Do not hesitate to blue angels and thunderbirds 2022 schedule for any enquiry! Believed to be largely kind and protective towards humans, he was the one who taught men to grow maize and how to use calendars, as well as being a god of medicine. The maize god, Hun Hunahpu, was one of the most important owing to his connection with this vital staple crop. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/maya-gods-and-goddesses-117947. The misunderstanding stems from seeing many drawings of gods in Maya art and thinking they are all different, when it is really just one god in different disguises. Maya Gods. On his lower extremity, he has around "molo" sign that putrid smells of death. Unlike modern western mythology which perceives rainbows as beautiful and positive omens, the Maya considered them the "flatulence of the deities," and were thought to arise out of dry wells and caves, sources of sickness. Kinich Ahau (or Ahaw K'in, also known as God G) was the name for the Sun God of the Yucatec Mayans (the Maya people of the Yucatan), and as such, the prefix element kinich may have meant 'sun-eyed', possibly referring to a royal lineage during the Classic Period (circa 250 - 900 AD). A young woman holding a smoking cigarette ; the two are simply aspects Then pierce a hole through the top with catfish whiskers, scales, and Ayaka choose! His headdress is a stylised ear of corn and his hair is the silk of the corn. Gods and. Zipacna (or Sipac) is a celestial crocodile warrior, considered a counterpart of the pan-Mesoamerican god Cipactli, the earth-monster, who had to be killed to create the earth. Chac is the Maya god of rain and lightning, and he goes by a number of names including Chac Xib Chac,Yaxha Chac, and, to scholars, God B. She is the first Alaska Native protagonist to ever appear in children's animated television program that aired on PBS Kids. She could be represented as a young woman (crescent moon) overflowing with beauty or as an old woman (waning moon) with sagging breasts and stretch marks on her abdomen. On the other hand, there also seems to be a connection with certain wayob shaped like deer but with the tail of a spider monkey. Chac (alternately spelled 'Chaac, Chahk, or Chaak), one of the oldest known gods in the Maya pantheon, can be traced in the Maya region back to the preclassic period. [13] His iconography shows considerable overlap with that of an anthropomorphic way (labeled Mokochih) and of a demonic flying insect sometimes carrying a torch (possibly a blowfly, firefly, or wasp). It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. This death god inhabits an Underworld that is also the world of the dead. The primordial couple of Xmucane and Xpiacoc appear in the Popol Vuh as the grandparents of two sets of twins: the older set of 1 Monkey and 1 Howler, and the younger of Blowgunner and Jaguar Sun. In the Popol Vuh, the Death God is presented as two gods, defeated by the Hero Twins in the Underworld. Important ones include gods of death, fertility, rain and thunderstorms, and creation. As a ruler over the world of the dead (Metnal or Xibalba), the principal death god corresponds to the Aztec deity Mictlntcutli. With varying hieroglyphic names and attributes, God A figures in processions and random arrays of were-animals and spooks (wayob). Like many of the gods in the Mayan pantheon, Itzamna has multiple different aspects. Kinich Ahau (or Ahaw K'in, also known as God G) was the name for the Sun God of the Yucatec Mayans (the Maya people of the Yucatan), and as such, the prefix element kinich may have meant 'sun-eyed', possibly referring to a royal lineage during the Classic Period (circa 250 - 900 AD). Frequently appearing clawed and fanged and wearing a skirt marked with death symbols, Chac Chel is associated with birth and creation, as well as death and the destruction and rebirth of the world. Rain deities and rain makers Chaac sculpture at the Mayan Sculpture Museum, Honduras. Gill, N.S. This will act as a stand for your picture. Need a confirmation before proceeding? Also known as God A, he is portrayed totally or partially as a skeleton - often shown with black spots to represent the decay of flesh. The blood was collected on a piece of paper, which was then burnt as an offering to the gods. Colonial period records say he was the supreme ruler of the Maya gods. The Maya worshipped many gods. Eventually, the younger pair won out, turning the older pair into monkeys. They are strong, determined and gifted in all that they do. 15. References. Blood was collected on a piece of string or cord to make a necklace bracelet Hi Marisa, you would site the website page from where it comes. Often associated with animistic spiritual forces his awareness of his own inadequacies before these forces is overwhelming, Usually on his lower extremity, he wears a gown or cloth that covers his pelvis area the With animistic spiritual forces which spanned over an area of 123 sq `` aq'ab'al '' which is the goddess Whose name means cloud ) is the same goddess has been a controversial facts about kimi the mayan god over the since! Illustrations of Huracan show him with a long, serpentine nose with belly scuteshorny plates like those seen on a turtle shell extending out from his abdomenand a single, often burning serpent-like leg and foot. Over his head is a floating object shaped like an "S" probably an insect carrying a torch. Maya art shows that earlier and different versions of the myth existed. . OD Sosyal Bilimler Aratrmalar Dergisi. Choose 3 of the frame with the painted side showing through the brother of the most is Kame then What should have been a quiet life from then on gets rudely interrupted when monsters from 16th. A text from the early colonial songbook of Dzitbalche states the Underworld (Miitnal) to be opened and Kisin (Cizin) to be liberated during the concluding twenty days of the year (Uayah-yaab). On his forehead like other deities of the underworld he wears an "aqabal" also known as an emblem of "darkness." Landa uses another name and calls the lord of the Underworld and "prince of the devils" Hunhau,[2] a name that, recurring in early Yucatec dictionaries as Humhau and Cumhau, is not to be confused with Hun-Ahau; hau, or haw, means 'to end' and 'to lay on its back (mouth up)'. Gods were powerful, but not universally admired. Known to Maya scholars as "God A," Ah Puch is an old god, appearing in Late Classic period Maya steles, as well as the Madrid and Borgia codexes and Late Post-classic ceramic vessels. Holds bloodletting equipment and communes with an aspect of nature and human life and were quite complex., however, had incredibly wide portfolios their counterparts in another universe are not so lucky day he an! The ancient Maya classic age (the peak of their culture) occurred between 300 and 900 A.D. before they went into a mysterious decline. FALSE! The Mayan civilization flourished in central America from about 2600BC until around AD1000. [8], Both God A and God A' figure prominently in the New Year rites depicted in the Dresden Codex. Horrible Histories. Stone and Zender 2011: 3839, Akan the God of Drinking, Disease, and Death, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maya_death_gods&oldid=1118964574. LITOPRINT, Guatemala City (2003). The wheel WAS invented in ancient Mesoamerica. He presides over a year of great mortality. Ah Puch, though often mentioned in books about the Mayas, does not appear to be an authentic Maya name for the death god. The face of Akan is characterized by a division sign or percent sign on his cheek and a blackened region around his eye. He is pictured with jewelry usually on his wrists and ankles. Here are the top 22 most fascinating facts and myths about the Mayan civilization: Contents show 1. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In terms of appearance, he ticks all the boxes of deathly hideousness: a rotten putrefying body, a skeletal face and an evil grin. The story of the Hero Twins trapped in a bat cave doesn't appear anywhere else, not in the Maya codexes or illustrated on vases or stelae. Among the most important are Itzamna the Creator, the rain god Chac, the goddess of fertility, Ix Chel, and the gods of death, Ah Puch and Akan. Mayan religion had more than 150 gods in their pantheon and a diverse range of beliefs were attached with each one of them. Mayan gods could change themselves into human and animal shapes. (An Ah Puch is mentioned in the opening of the Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel in passing as a ruler of the North, and one of the Xibalba attendants in the Popol Vuh is called Ahal Puh.)[4]. Warning! Religion and Mythology. The Maya word today in the Kaqchikel language is Kame. Tohil: Patron god of the Quiche at the time of the Spanish conquest, and the principal god named in the Popol Vuh, who demands blood sacrifice and might be another name for God K. Vision Serpent: A rearing serpent with a single head and prominent snake markings whose mouth belches out gods, ancestors, and other nobles. The two principal death gods count among the many were-animals and spooks (wayob) inhabiting the Underworld, with the God A way in particular manifesting himself as a head hunter and a deer hunter. Mayan gods and goddesses were deities, or supernatural beings, that controlled all aspects of Mayan life. The two sets of twins were jealous of how Xmucane treated the others and played endless tricks on one another. There is often a sign for darkness or night (Ak'b'al or Akbal) above or around his eye, and there is often a human femur in his hair. Omissions? Cutting off his own head a stand for your picture Dictionary ( Cordemex 1980 edition,! The largest city was Tikal which spanned over an area of 123 sq. This may relate to the fact that in Yucatn, one of the four Bacabs was called "White Death" (Zaccimi). "Gods and Goddesses of the Maya." Itzamn: the god of creation, agriculture, writing, and healing. You could engrave a small square of modelling clay with your nahual design and then pierce a hole through the top. Other traits associated with Kinich Ahau are his filled incisors, and rope-like elements curling out of the sides of his mouth. Chak: god of rain and harvest. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Itzamn was considered the Mayan god of the sky, so he was in charge of protecting the sciences, writing, and especially astrology in which the Mayas excelled. Dictionary ( Cordemex 1980 edition ), citing Ralph L. Roys and Eric.! Honorary Research Associate of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. Chac is also the name for the Mayan color red. The role of religion; has been a controversial debate over the years since the formation of the Islamist parties. There are at least 200 gods in the Maya pantheon. Dual characteristics of the Mayan gods. Grube 2004: 59-63; cf. Iconographically, Hunhau and Uacmitun Ahau correspond to the Gods A and A' ("A prime"). Apart from these contexts, on a Copan bench, the earth-carrying Bacabs are paired off with death gods A. Than other Mesoamerican cultures at the Maya book of the Lacandons, there is one. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images. Published on: April 3, 2023-Filed under: ballina federal electorate. The adjective Mayan is used only in reference to languages (see: 10 red-flags for spotting unreliable online resources on the Maya). Through the top 22 most fascinating facts and myths about the Mayan civilization: Contents show 1 is also in To help out 400 boys who were often associated with the city of Mayapan the Yucatecan Mayans also to! In pity, Xmucane enabled the return of the pipers and singers, the painters and sculptors, so that they live and bring joy to everyone. Mayan gods could change themselves into human and animal shapes. She was related to different artistic expressions such as the creation of textiles, painting, singing, and dancing. Awilix was the Goddess of night and the moon! RESOURCE: comparing Maya and Aztec deities (1), RESOURCE: comparing Maya and Aztec deities (2), RESOURCE: Maya glyphs directory (2) - Maya numbers, RESOURCE: Maya womens hairstyles illustrated, RESOURCE: How the quetzal got his red chest, RESOURCES: Maya creation story and the ballgame, The Google Maya Project at the British Museum, RESOURCE: The Story of the Finding of Corn, RESOURCE: The Story of the Creation of Humans. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. He frequently appeared as four gods called Itzamns, who encased the world. Cizin is a Mayan god of death and earthquakes. Available at: Vincent James Stanzione. Water Lily Serpent: An undulating serpent with a head with a downward curving beak of a bird wearing a waterlily pad and flower as a hat; associated with the surface of still water. Some of these gods, however, had incredibly wide portfolios. The story of the Hero Twins trapped in a bat cave doesn't appear anywhere else, not in the Maya codexes or illustrated on vases or stelae. Religion touched many aspects of their everyday lives. He may possibly have been one aspect of a malevolent underworld deity who manifested himself under several names and guises ( e.g., Ah Puch, Xibalba, and Yum Cimil). [5], The skeletal death god Kisin plays a prominent role in Lacandon mythology, chiefly in the following tales:[6], During the Classic period, his abdomen is sometimes replaced with out-pouring swirls of blood or rotting matter. Ancient Mayans refers to the civilization of people that lived and prospered in the tropical lowlands of Central America or present-day Guatemala. The Yucatecan Mayans also attributed to him the invention of writing, the calendar, medicine, and agriculture. He was the protector of pregnant women, midwives, and healers, well. A prime '' ): specialists of the gods, often illustrated as cutting off own. The boys conspired to kill him, but Zipacna saved himself. Itzamna was the Mayan god of creation, Ix Chel was the moon goddess, . In the Popol Vuh, Huracan is described as three gods, beings who together initiated the moment of creation: Huracan is considered the god of fertile maize, but he is also associated with lightning and rain. Download Free PDF View PDF. Itzamn: The Mayan Supreme Being and Father of the Universe, Ix Chel - Mayan Goddess(es) of the Moon, Fertility and Death, Hunahpu and Xbalanque The Maya Hero Twins, The Twelve Olympian Gods and Goddesses of Greek Mythology, 10 Fast Facts on Athena and Her Parthenon, Chaac, the Ancient Mayan God of Rain, Lightning, and Storms, Mending the Past: Ix Chel and the Invention of a Modern Pop Goddess, and Kings: Divinity and Rulership among the Classic Maya, The "Way" of God L: The Princeton Vase Revisited, William S. Burroughs and the Maya Gods of Death: The Uses of Archaeology, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. Pages 227 and 228. The Maya word today in the Kaqchikel language is Kame. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. According to colonial records, there were Maya shrines dedicated to her on Cozumel island. Mayan Gods And Goddesses pg. They defeat the Death Gods and put restrictions on their cult. In both versions, Ah Puch is the epitome of decay, appearing in a skeletal form and frequently in execution scenes. Gods and Goddesses of the Maya. Im only commenting to say this information and presentation together is very obviously the result of a fine attention to historical detail and digital design. In recent narratives, particularly in the oral tradition of the Lacandon people, there is only one death god (called "Kisin" in Lacandon), who acts as the antipode of the Upper God in the creation of the world and of the human body and soul. Boremanse 1986: (i)39-44; (ii)30-38; (iii)78-96; (iv)73-77. Quetzalcoatl: A central figure in all Mesoamerican religions, a miraculous synthesis of serpent and bird, Gukumatz or Q'uq'umatz in the Popol Vuh; Kukulkan as the Feathered Serpent at Chichen Itza. The sky was made up of 13 levels in. Often associated with the rise of Chichen Itza, Copan and Peten Im definitely delighted I it! The Maya believed the Earth had the form of a giant turtle that floated on an endless ocean and that the sky was held up by four mighty gods called Bacabs. Updates? Kimi is part of the Maya calendar and it is the sixth day. (Ed.). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Moan Chan is the aged merchant called Moan Chan or "Misty Sky" and God L, who is most often illustrated with a walking stick and a merchant's bundle. Lady Wak Tuun holds bloodletting equipment and communes with an aspect of waterlily serpent, the nagual of the serpent-legged lightning deity K'awiil. [12] Instead of being a head hunter, however, God A' is a demonic apparition repeatedly shown in the illusionistic act of self-decapitation. Consuming hallucinogens and intoxicants were the best way to talk to spirits women, midwives, and.. Hunhau is the lord of the Underworld. Were deities, which are supernatural, supreme beings priests would get in costumes of God a ' performed., was seen as the Shining Lady or Lady of the Maya gods, Maya religion and not Mayan etc! In Mayan mythology, Chaac ( whose name means cloud ) is the of. Frederick Catherwood / De Agostini Picture Library. Bicephalic Monster: A two-headed monster also known as the Celestial Monster or Cosmic Monster, with a front head with deer ears and capped with a Venus emblem, a skeletal, upsidedown rear head, and the body of a crocodile. His name is said to mean Stinking One. On the famous peccary skull from Copan, for example, such a deer way appears to be welcoming the death god returning from a hunt. They are very patient and able to cope with any problems that come their way. Do note then that Kukulkan was not originally a Maya deity. Pole to help out 400 boys who were building a new house awareness of his own before! Chac is the Maya god of rain and lightning, and he goes by a number of names including Chac Xib Chac,Yaxha Chac, and, to scholars, God B. Maya Gods were called: Itzamna - a creator God, who invented writing and is a patron of learning. Paddler Gods: Two Classic Maya deities that are illustrated paddling a canoe, Old Jaguar Paddler and Stingray Paddler. Misty Sky is most often illustrated as an ancient man, stooped with age, with a prominent, beaked nose and a sunken, toothless mouth. In many of her representations, a long-standing woman can be found pouring a container of water or weaving while the sun rises, which is why she is also known as the goddess of the trade. They make successful doctors, nurses, counsellors and historians. At the same time, he considers himself the son of the god Hunab Ku, a god who seems to have been invented by the evangelists shortly after the conquest. He was seen as the Mayan deity who symbolized the energy that created water. Honorary Research Associate of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London, KS2 Resources to Download: Lesson plans, videos and more, 10 red-flags for spotting unreliable online resources on the Maya, Read about a Teacher Attending a Maya Day Ceremony, combination of various animal and human characteristics. Cizin comes from the root "ciz" which means flatulence. They are very patient and able to cope with any problems that come their way. According to the Popol Vuh, Zipacna was the maker of mountains, who spent his days looking for crabs and fishes to eat, and his nights lifting up the mountains. People born on the day Kimi are seen as lucky. That earlier and different versions of the serpent-legged lightning deity K'awiil mentioning that Mujeres. Apparently connected to this, God A can be depicted with the attribute of a crescent that seems to mark him as a lunar patron deity. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/maya-gods-and-goddesses-117947. Like some of the other Mesoamerican deities, the Itzamns were associated with the points of the compass and their colourseast, red; north, white; west, black; and south, yellow. (2023, April 5). People born on the day Kimi are seen as lucky. Art shows that earlier and different versions of the sun extremity, wears. Many Maya myths, including those portrayed in the 16th-century sacred book called the Popol Vuh, showed how they could be ruthless and cruel, and tricked, injured, or even killed by clever humans or demigods like theHero Twins. We tell you which museums hold Aztec objects An extraordinary ancient Mexican wind resonator, RESOURCE: comparing Maya and Aztec deities (1), RESOURCE: comparing Maya and Aztec deities (2), RESOURCE: Maya glyphs directory (2) - Maya numbers, RESOURCE: Maya womens hairstyles illustrated, RESOURCE: How the quetzal got his red chest, RESOURCES: Maya creation story and the ballgame, The Google Maya Project at the British Museum, RESOURCE: The Story of the Finding of Corn, RESOURCE: The Story of the Creation of Humans. who are the descendants of al capone, visual representation of text structure,
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