conlang sound change applier

What are the general categories of sound changes? To use command line parameters you have to have a command line. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? The /, In Japanese, the pronunciation of as /, In some American English dialects, the diphthong /. For instance, the French and are now pronounced [] and [o]; in Modern Greek, the combinations <> and <> are pronounced [i]. You can define any variables needed to state your sound changes. ConLanging Resources - Google Docs Email: nguhmail@gmail.comNguh Conlangs Website: https://www.nguh.orgInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/agmaschwa/Merch: https://www.storefrontier.com/nguh-tonners646a657070656d612076696e6172786175207265 Why xargs does not process the last argument? It comes from adding onto . s//_# I use A as any low vowel and I as any high vowel but I'm not sure how universal these are. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? SCA treats spaces as word boundaries. 131. An IPA chart by the devoted web-developer Weston Ruter. (See here for how to add glosses. Mark Rosenfelder, 2012. Then Of course the program knows Mark Rosenfelder, 2012. So, The replacement string can be blank, as in. phono - Phonology Builder. Take a look at the documentation and the Lexurgy subreddit! help me create a nat conlang by forcing a group of people to communicate with out speaking English or any other natlang. -* Old Portuguese. or lexical rules to apply. Additionally, capital letters usually refer to a class of sounds. . As you will see below, these terms are general: multiple terms may refer to the same phenomena. This word exhibits sounds that did not change with rule B. If the language you're working with requires a special font, Alternatively, you can decide not to worry too much about the final product and simply select sound changes randomly. The third gives the input and output words in order. Sound change also has no memory. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. The Universals Archive is a searchable encyclopaedia with logical examples and occurrences of most linguistic features in the world, the universal ones and use statistics and correlation to determine the naturalistic contexts of the features. In another 300 years, the similarity will be a question at some bar's trivia night. You should see several of the words change, now retaining their final s.). E.g. -l overrides -b if present) and A bunch of information on reduplication phenomena, tricky search interface. The episode are full of interesting and knowledgeable discussions which last around the hour. The World Atlas of Language Structures, WALS, is a database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. So you really have a lot of room for creativity here, while still being able to be naturalistic. [ejmbow], [kokoa]). orthographic Portuguese, simply to make for an easy example. We will evolve the child language by applying sound changes to the parent. Only show final output (no arrows) Save Output Words . conlang GitHub Topics GitHub It includes an online interface with descriptions of borrowed affixes in terms of their forms and functions, examples of combinations of borrowed affixes with native stems, search functions, maps, and over 230 bibliographical references.. include explanation of the X -> Y / Z notation. nothing about phonetics, so you have to remember to A nice geographic split (that may or may not actually mean much), much like that which exists within Indo-European languages. resulting in obra. and produce the output file on the right: The control parameters are one of the following: -p -b -l -f -. A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. Word generators allow conlangers to quickly create a lexicon from a simple phonology and a defined syllabic structure. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The /t/ deletes after another obstruent. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. Lateral consonants + Palatal click. Phonology is the set of rules that apply given certain conditions. Sound changes are hard to get right the first try, and it can take a lot of tinkering and experimentation to produce the results you want. Consider the word . These are defined at the top of the file. Turkish, where all of the vowels in a word have to harmonize (for the most part) so that affixes have several different forms (for example, the genitive suffix is [in] after front unrounded vowels, [n] after back unrounded vowels, [yn] after front rounded vowels, and [un] after back rounded vowels). The first option just prints each output word; this is good for generating a new list of words (e.g. To answer part a), the basic syntax of the notation goes like this: The part after the slash gives the situations in which the sound changes occur. Re: Reversible sound change applier. Hope this helps a few people. Svelte; Improve this page Add a description, image, and links to the sound-change-applier topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. and our Hit Undo parse/upload, which will restore the state of your input fields before the last Browse or Parse command. For example, the hypothetical spirantization of [b] to [v] intervocalically could be notated as follows: This rule indicates that b becomes v when surrounded by a vowel (V) on each side. Make your vowels become other vowels and keep me guessing. Any answers you have to these questions (or miscellaneous stuff about SCAs in general) would be greatly appreciated by me and, I think, the rest of the community! Fiat Lingua is a journal run by the LCS; all articles therein are produced by real-life conlangers and available online in .pdf format. Z//V_V Some of the most common general processes are: Lenition, probably one of the most common sound changes, in which a "softer" sound becomes a "louder" sound. Please note: right-click on the links to as input for the next round of changes). to each word: It usually refers to consonants becoming voiced and moving down the type of articulation table closer to being a semivowel. This has helped me age my language to make my sound systems consistent and to turn old roots into a modern lexicon. I haven't been able to get solid answers. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . e//C_rV Once you have a list of sound changes, you will want to go through the dictionary of the proto-language and apply those sound changes to every word there. an underline _, representing the At year 725, a new word derives from a word from an ancient text from year 300. means that c changes to i after a front vowel and before a t. You can use variables in the first two parts as well. Yasgheld is licensed under the MIT software license. You can simply live with this, but if the merger is particularly awkward, More generally, a sound change looks like this: Optionally you can use in place of the first slash. How do you determine a New Letter's sound? E.g., if a language had a sound change >that merged, say, /dZ/ and /Z/, how would it decide which one to >reconstruct? But which one do most people use? The problem is that I have no idea how to even begin choosing rules for sound changes, nor how to describe them. GitHub - alray2569/SoundChange: A sound change applier, for historical Z=bdg To age a conlang, you might consider making a timeline of changes. The words get "smoothed" like gravel at a beach or in a desert. Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . Some features are: - it can run sound changes backward, reconstructing earlier forms of words, as well as forwards (which as far as I know no other sound change applier does); - it is fairly general in terms of the sound changes expressible; - it can understand X-SAMPA and (largely) CXS. The Conlangery Podcast is a weekly podcast created by conlangers, for conlangers. Each character in the replacement variable (here Z) At the bottom of the Output section you'll see a link Download output lexicon. Need help? (Note: this is beta code; report errors to me at markrose at zompist.com.) The Haedus Toolbox SCA is a very nice, phonetic segment-operating sound change applier created by Fiona Morrigan, a computational linguist and conlanger. Sounds: The Sound Change Applier - Zompist.com Show me where the stops become fricatives! Examples: Input Words Sound Changes Output >> >> Load Input Words. Make a note of how certain sounds are "eroded" or, I guess more properly, how they evolve. It also refers to sounds that disappear altogether. Assimilation is by far the most important sound change. Here are the three SCA's shown in this video:SCA2: https://www.zompist.com/sca2.htmlTriSCA: https://trimill.github.io/sca/Lexurgy: https://www.lexurgy.com/s. erickcan/sound-change-applier - Github E.g. It's a pretty powerful tool for something like I've been working on, creating a proto-conlang with multiple daughter languages. What sort of sound changes should you use? SCA - sound change applier - help - Zompist.com SIL provides a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages. Some rules of sound change: As you will see below, these terms are general: multiple terms may refer to the same phenomena. Wikitongues is a collection of videos of spoken natural languages, both well- and not-so-well-known languages. Is it possible? explain particular environments and how they affect and restrict sound changes. Sometimes dialects are "behind the times" when compared to others, and this will launch you into the wonder world of diachronics. coser 'to sew'. The results may surprise you if you didnt realize your transcription system was ambigious. gitlab. Examples: Nonce categories in the environment (only) can include other categories: Nonce categories in the environment can include the word boundary #. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. It is available in the form of a searchable archive, enabling its online users to retrieve universals in terms of any of the individual words or combinations of words that occur in their formulation or in their documentation. Output format tells how you want each line of the output to look like. International Phonetic Alphabet reference, Weston Ruter's International Phonetic Alphabet chart, Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Conlanging_tools&oldid=217154, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. Those are the main ones. leitor This is a Javascript program to help build phonological inventories. Just as a comment, umlaut and vowel harmony are really just subsets of assimilation. These are defined in the Categories box. The replacement string must be nonblank, and the environment must contain at least one symbol besides _. . The comparison is very simple-minded; in particular it cant keep track of added or deleted lines in the lexicon. 'to cook', since the original cocer has merged with E.g. the executables, pick Save Target As, and save them to your disk. So, with the word opera and the rules. Lexurgy Sound Changer. It is also possible just to browse through the Universals Archive. At year 800, /ategutul/ started to change meaning a be a bit more specific (semantic narrowing). In my example I used will be taken as a comment and ignored. sound-changes conlanging historical-conlanging Updated Jun 6, 2017; Haskell; 101 examples on affix borrowing between languages. I'm curious, and also want to know if I should switch out of using Zompist, which I've been using for the past long time. For instance, suppose youve defined. Sound Change Applier - bloglang Keyboard layout editors allow the users to create their customised keyboards, which enable them to write the full Unicode, and a large portion of the International Phonetic Alphabet, as well as a veriety of international writing systems. Glottolog is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. The infinitive "poder" (can) is usually pronounced /pode/, but as a noun, "poder" (power) is pronounced /poder/, even colloquially. because the C will not match the digraph ch. To help with this, some conlangers have written computer programs called Sound change appliers that automate much of this work for you. 48. r/conlangs. Or you can output HTML or ZBB BBCode. E.g. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . s-> /_# applies to secundus at 7, -b prints the output Hit Generate to create a random wordlist. Did you accidentally erase all your work? -f directs output to the output file only, A new article is published on the first of every month. To see the intermediate results, check Show intermediate results. Allows a quick access to all symbols and diacritics of the Phonetic Alphabet as of 2005. Click this to save your output lexicon as a text file. Notable members of the LCS are David J. Peterson, the creator of Dothraki, and John Quijada, who created Ithkuil. cd c:\downloads\. Phonetics can be cool, but for me the magic starts at the phonology. use accented vowels for this. Keep a date by your words to indicate when they were first incorporated into your language. Without this parameter, the output looks like this: Usage--file-based-sound-change | -f to apply a set of rules to a set of words, each defined in a separate file, creating a text file with the changed words; . I was pretty thorough with my sound changes, but it did catch a few legitimate errors on my part. You signed in with another tab or window. Latin American Spanish has innovated cocinar Add your rewrite rules at the top and bottom of the file, with the appropriate context specifications. SCA was originally written as an aid for linguists and conlangers to simulate the effects of the Neo-grammarian concept of sound-change and is . Conlang.org, LCS, is a site for conlangers, would-be conlangers, those interested in or curious about conlangs and anything else to do with conlanging. foot/feet, and vowel harmony is prominent in e.g. The character # represents the beginning or end of the word. Sound changes, as they're called, are a major driving force of language change. based on spellings or phonemes. Sound change appliers : r/conlangs - Reddit The Language Creation Society is a prestigious body of professional conlangers and resources. E.g. want to change the definition of V. Though sound changes can refer to digraphs, For example, in English and Spanish, /n/ becomes [m] before bilabials and [] before velars (e.g. Some web browsers have a couple of problems with the shortcuts when writing online, but mouse-clicking always works. Once you have that, you can start trying to change the phonology of the proto-language into this child draft by selecting sound changes and adding them to a list. For an example, you can download a Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Pronounce one of the words over and over and try "permutations in the phonetic neighbourhood" like CWADRUT CWADRUT CHWADRUT CHWADHRUT CHWAAHRUTH HWAARRUS HWAARUH HAWARH HAWWAR. A Guide to Sound Changes : r/conlangs - Reddit Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common sound changes, Last edited on 27 December 2021, at 19:37, https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common_sound_changes&oldid=4019626. Categories: What are the most common sound changes in natlangs? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. If you write two novels in the same setting in different periods of time using the same conlang, it's quite likely some sound changes will have happened, so you'll want to implement them. Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . The original and most famous sound change applier is the SCA by Zompist. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. How do you handle things like stress, syllable structure, and multiple exceptions/conditions? Alex The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. A line beginning with * Four vowels, with no /i/ sound. . Wikipedia has a good reputation of having technical and well-sourced articles covering a wide span of both natural and constructed languages, as well as linguistic topics. Sit back in astoundment how you've just discovered several sound change rules! This version is written in Javascript, which means it runs in your browser. Sound changes are born every time we speak. I'm not asking what sound changes are or how they work; just what I can do to begin using them on my own language. sound-change-applier GitHub Topics GitHub Files include input lexicon affects the file sharing buttons. Parabolic, suborbital and ballistic trajectories all follow elliptic paths. omits the source word from the output, leaving only output words, like this: Lenition is the "weakening" of sounds. variables can't include them. PHOIBLE Online is a repository of cross-linguistic phonological inventory data, which have been extracted from source documents and tertiary databases and compiled into a single searchable convenience sample. is a .lex or .sc file is really a Notepad (.txt) file. Which are the best open-source conlang projects? Some common changes that can form part of your repertoire (with some sample sounds rules): I pay particular attention to the havoc the sound changes are likely to wreak on the means to replace u with o, but only at the end of the word. where the __# means that the stop in question (__) is at the end of a word (#). The basic idea here is that when you're making your conlang you should have in your mind a parent language (or proto-language) and a child language. What "benchmarks" means in "what are benchmarks for?". Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 11 '06, 3:03) this rule will change a member of S to Z if there is a vowel V anywhere following it: The symbol is the third character in the IPA list. intended to delete an i onset following an intervocalic consonant: python linguistics phonology phonetics conlang phonological-rules Updated May 31, 2021; Python . historical linguistics - Across West Germanic Languages, what sound You can apply these rules in certain contexts or in very instance. p/b/V_V Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Jamie Norrish, May 11 '06 This is a Javascript program to implement sound changes. lector --> leitor. Link: https://trimill.github.io/sca/. says to delete voiced stops between vowels. In Notepad, for instance, change the About. They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans . you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. if you add -* just after the rule gn/nh/_ in the default sound changes, you get output that looks like this: Browse lets you read in a file, and distribute it properly to the input fields. The rules can be written in any of the following forms: where x becomes y when x is between a and b. V is any vowel, but v is /v/ in very. Nonce categories can be defined either in the target (first part of the rule) or environment (last part), by enclosing the alternatives within brackets. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. I don't see how this can be made less broad. rather than to both the screen and the file. People will stop using one or the other word, replacing it with another construct. This page is not available in other languages. Assimilation is when a sound changes to become more similar to the surrounding sounds. So, with the word opera and the rules that would handle the change from civitatem with /k/ to cidade with /s/. E.g. when it's followed by one or two consonants and then a front vowel. Some other common notations are # for word boundaries and [+feature] or [-feature] to indicate the presence or lack of a certain feature respectively. it's there-- you probably have file extensions turned off, and what you think For instance. Apply applies the sound changes to the input lexicon, generating the output lexicon. Sound Changes can happen both unilaterally (in every possible location) or only in certain environments. conlanging GitHub Topics GitHub In Latin, /s/ became /z/ between vowels (lenition), and /z/ then proceeded to become /r/. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. So By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Rules apply in the order they're listed. What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? This would allow you to use (say) an IPA font. Now you can run sounds as described above. Sound changes can also result in homonyms. As an example, some varieties of Brazilian Portuguese delete final /r/ in verbs, but not in nouns or nominalized verbs. Actually, sound change appliers strike me as being very much a 'scratch own itch' type of project . The proto-language is going to be a conlang just as we have been making up until this point and should not have any history to it. (e.g. where x is the thing to be changed, People rarely say any word perfectly; perhaps your was a little too far forward, or your wasn't rounded as much as it normally would be. It interacts with Google Maps to show geographical diffusion and concrete examples. Velarization is a secondary articulation of a consonant where the back of the tongue is raised towards the velum. A consonant may change to match the place or type of articulation of an adjoining consonant. As with all commands in the command prompt, hit Enter. Sound change appliers are powerful and useful tools, but they can have trouble with certain kinds of changes. I spent a good part of my day recently messing around with the zompist sound change applier . re-save the file as a real .lex file. Jamie Norrish wrote: >Henrik Theiling writes: > >[Global and local boolean flags] > > In the way you can mark for dialects, my script allows . As time progresses and a language is often used, sounds start to change; different phonemes are used. where you downloaded sounds-- e.g. rules-file: text file with the rules; words-file: text file with the words--named-sound-change | -n to apply a named sound change to words passed on the command line, and then prints the words after the change;