With the promotion came greater recognition. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In early 1936, Heydrich left the Catholic Church in favour of the Gottglubig movement. In late February 1919, civil unrestincluding strikes and clashes between communist and anti-communist groupstook place in Heydrich's home town of Halle. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [102], The Czech workforce was exploited as Nazi-conscripted labour. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (/hadrk/ HEYE-drik; German: [anhat tstan n had] (listen); 7 March 1904 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust. He was later executed in retaliation for Heydrich's assassination. Halle was not spared. But the director of the Lidice memorial, Milous Cervencl, is not opposed to the castle being restored. Many historians regard Heydrich as one of the darkest figures within the Nazi regime;[5][6][7] Adolf Hitler described him as "the man with the iron heart". [54] On 9 June 1934, Rudolf Hess declared the SD the official Nazi intelligence service. [148], Infuriated by Heydrich's death, Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of 10,000 randomly selected Czechs. [34], In 1936, Heydrich learned that a top-ranking Soviet officer was plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin. [92] Although small disorganised cells of Central Leadership of Home Resistance (stedn veden odboje domcho, VOD) survived, only the communist resistance was able to function in a coordinated manner (although it also suffered arrests). [84] For each prisoner, the SD had to fill in a questionnaire that listed personal information, country of origin, and the details of their crimes against the Reich. He evaded a Soviet patrol and contacted a forward German patrol. Reinhard married Lina Heydrich on December 26 1931, at age 27. Webby Reinhard_Heydrich_ The Golden King of the Monsters (Male Reader HSDxD AGK FT) Table of contents. [79] The Great Purge of the Red Army followed on Stalin's orders. Eventually, they married for the purpose of changing her last name. WebAnswer (1 of 5): From what I can recall of Heydrichs biography that I read, one of his young sons, Klaus, died during the war, as a result of a traffic accident in 1943. [13], In recognition of her husband's service to the Nazi cause, Hitler gave to Lina the country estate of Jungfern-Breschan in rural Bohemia. Reinhard Heydrich [5][6][7] Hitler called him "the man with the iron heart". Thousands have signed an internet petition opposing having anything to do with his offer. [27] Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy in April. [159] After this Hitler personally ordered Heydrich to return to Berlin to resume his SS duties. [74] This action was to be coordinated among the representatives from the Nazi state agencies present at the meeting. [100] Still, those measures could not hide shortages and increasing inflation; reports of growing discontent multiplied. Courtesy of Stephen and Irene Parris. The son was only ten years old when he left Panenske Brezany at the end of World War Two, so he did not know what war was then.'. [150] On 9 June, after discussions with Himmler and Karl Hermann Frank, Hitler ordered brutal reprisals. [101] More than 100,000 workers were removed from "unsuitable" jobs and conscripted by the Ministry of Labour. On 29 November 1939, Heydrich issued a cable about the "Evacuation of New Eastern Provinces", detailing the deportation of people by railway to concentration camps, and giving guidance surrounding the December 1939 census, which would be the basis on which those deportations were performed. Heydrich's family held social standing and substantial financial means. "[107][108] Twenty thousand Jews were sent to concentration camps in the days immediately following;[109] historians consider Kristallnacht the beginning of the Holocaust. [127] To get from his home to the airport, Heydrich would have to pass a section where the Dresden-Prague road merges with a road to the Troja Bridge. WebHeydrich's third name, "Eugen", was his late maternal grandfather's forename (Eugen Krantz had been the director of the Dresden Royal Conservatory). [163][164] While in Norway, Heydrich also organized the arrests of political opponents and arranged for a contingent of 200 SiPo and SD men to be stationed in several major cities. His father, Bruno Heydrich, was an opera singer. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmlers chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. In 1941, he was appointed as 'protector' of Bohemia and Moravia, the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Third Reich. This was largely symbolic, as Heydrich was too young for military service. [55], Beginning in April 1934, and at Hitler's request, Heydrich and Himmler began building a dossier on Sturmabteilung (SA) leader Ernst Rhm in an effort to remove him as a rival for party leadership. None of Hitlers lieutenants did more to realize the Final Solution than Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich. [136] Hitler attended and placed Heydrich's decorationsincluding the highest grade of the German Order, the Blood Order Medal, the Wound Badge in Gold, and the War Merit Cross 1st Class with Swordson his funeral pillow. [33] His party number was 544,916 and his SS number was 10,120. On July 31, 1941, Hermann Gring commissioned Heydrich to carry out a final solution to the Jewish question, authorizing him to take all organizational and administrative steps necessary for the extermination of the Jews. He was directly responsible for the Einsatzgruppen, the special task forces that travelled in the wake of the German armies and murdered more than two million people by mass shooting and gassing, including 1.3million Jews. The whole village was razed to the ground. Intelligence falsely linked the assassins to the towns of Lidice and Leky. He suffered major injuries to his diaphragm, spleen, and one lung, as well as a broken rib. A Gestapo report stated that Lidice, 22 kilometres (14mi) north-west of Prague, was suspected as the assailants' hiding place because several Czech army officers, then in England, had come from there; additionally, the Gestapo had found a resistance radio transmitter in Leky. In the WVHA "Central Inmate File", as in many camp files, these prisoners would be given a special "covert prisoner" code, as opposed to the code for POW, Felon, Jew, Gypsy, etc. He was shy, insecure, and was frequently bullied for his high-pitched voice and rumoured Jewish ancestry. She ran Reinhard Heydrich's former summer house on Fehmarn as a restaurant and inn until it burned down in February 1969, during welding work within the roofspace that caught the thatched roof alight. By 1921, few townspeople there could afford a musical education at Bruno Heydrich's conservatory. He explained, "Making this Czech garbage into Germans must give way to methods based on racist thought."[92]. WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). [35] Himmler asked Heydrich to convey his ideas for developing an SS intelligence service. He said: 'I don't have a problem. [9] Heydrich developed a passion for the violin and carried that interest into adulthood; he impressed listeners with his musical talent. [64] At that point, Heydrich was head of the SiPo and SD. The Reich Protector, Konstantin von Neurath, remained the territory's titular head, but was sent on "leave" because Hitler, Himmler, and Heydrich felt his "soft approach" to the Czechs had promoted anti-German sentiment and encouraged anti-German resistance via strikes and sabotage. Gregor Strasser passed the allegations on to the Nazi Party's racial expert, Achim Gercke, who investigated Heydrich's genealogy. [62], On 17 June 1936, all police forces throughout Germany were united, following Hitler's appointment of Himmler as Chief of German Police. [155][156][157], Heydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA,[139] and Karl Hermann Frank (2728 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. Heydrich was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). WebBirthdate: December 28, 1934. [101], Despite public displays of goodwill towards the populace, privately Heydrich was very clear about his eventual goal: "This entire area will one day be definitely German, and the Czechs have nothing to expect here." Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. WebRudolf Diels, hacia 1933. Even so, Heydrich privately engaged SD member Ernst Hoffmann to further investigate and dispel the rumours. [13] The family lived there until April 1945 when they, along with many other Germans left the area to flee the advancing Soviet Red Army. Their mother was the daughter of the head of the Royal Conservatory of Dresden. WebAll Family Trees results for Reinhard Heydrich. Nazi intelligence falsely linked the Czech and Slovak soldiers and resistance partisans to the villages of Lidice and Leky. [89], On 27 September 1941, Heydrich was appointed Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Reich on 15 March 1939) and assumed control of the territory. People were arrested arbitrarily, sent to concentration camps, or killed. Reinhard Heydrich They began with Bavaria. Heydrich's third name, "Eugen", was his late maternal grandfather's forename (Eugen Krantz had been the director of the Dresden Royal Conservatory). All the men were shot and the women and children were sent to concentration camps. [103], Heydrich was, for all intents and purposes, military dictator of Bohemia and Moravia. Heider Heydrich, now 76, made an offer to the Panenske Brezany municipality to 'find finances' for the reconstruction of the chateau where he also lived. [70] In the Anschluss on 12 March, Hitler declared the unification of Austria with Nazi Germany. The two wed on 26 December 1931 and had four children. Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy that April. [31], In 1931, Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. [10] Two of his forenames were musical references: "Reinhard" referred to the hero from his father's opera Amen, and "Tristan" stems from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. [95][96][97], In March 1942, further sweeps against Czech cultural and patriotic organisations, the military, and the intelligentsia resulted in the practical paralysis of the London-based Czech resistance. [165], On 20 July 1941, without seeking authorization from Himmler, Heydrich rejoined Jagdgeschwader 77 during Operation Barbarossa, arriving at Yampil, Vinnytsia Oblast in a borrowed Me 109. His changes to the government's structure left President Emil Hcha and his cabinet virtually powerless. [114] Historian Raul Hilberg estimates that between 1941 and 1945 the Einsatzgruppen and related auxiliary troops murdered more than two million people, including 1.3million Jews. Heinz Siegfried Heydrich was the son of Richard Bruno Heydrich and the younger brother of SS General Reinhard Heydrich. [124][125], In London, the Czechoslovak government-in-exile resolved to kill Heydrich. [137] Although Heydrich's death was employed for pro-Reich propaganda, Hitler privately blamed Heydrich for his own death, through carelessness: Since it is opportunity which makes not only the thief but also the assassin, such heroic gestures as driving in an open, unarmoured vehicle or walking about the streets unguarded are just damned stupidity, which serves the Fatherland not one whit. [11], Heydrich's family held social standing and substantial financial means. [59] The Gestapo had the authority to arrest citizens on the suspicion that they might commit a crime, and the definition of a crime was at their discretion. [51] The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933. That same year he joined the SS. [113] On 21 September 1939, Heydrich sent out a teleprinter message on the "Jewish question in the occupied territory" to the chiefs of all Einsatzgruppen with instructions to round up Jewish people for placement into ghettos, called for the formation of Judenrte (Jewish councils), ordered a census, and promoted Aryanization plans for Jewish-owned businesses and farms, among other measures. The years 1933, 34, 35, 36 were filled with work and innumerable startup problems. [69] In February 1938 when the Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg resisted Hitler's proposed merger with Germany, Heydrich intensified the pressure on Austria by organising Nazi demonstrations and distributing propaganda in Vienna emphasising the common Germanic blood of the two countries. [19] Heydrich, then 15 years old, joined Maercker's Volunteer Rifles (a paramilitary Freikorps unit). Heinz Heydrich was born in Halle an der Saale to composer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Heydrich Both villages were razed; the men and boys age 14 and above were shot and most of the women and children were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. He was baptized a Roman Catholic. [152], All but four of the women from Lidice were deported immediately to Ravensbrck concentration camp (four were pregnant they were subjected to forced abortions at the same hospital where Heydrich had died and the women were then sent to the concentration camp). Lina Heydrich Reinhard was the older of the two, born on March 7, 1904. [23], As a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles as well as Germany's large war debt, hyperinflation spread across Germany and many lost their life savings. [76] The title of Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD (Chief of Security Police and SD) or CSSD was conferred on Heydrich on 1 October. Commissioned as a naval officer, he was discharged in 1931 after a naval court of honour found him guilty of misconduct (for refusing to marry a shipyard directors daughter with whom he had had an affair). [142] Hitler planned for Heydrich to have a monumental tomb (designed by sculptor Arno Breker and architect Wilhelm Kreis) but, due to Germany's declining fortunes, it was never built. [94] Most of them were the members of the resistance that had previously been captured and were awaiting trial. By order of the Reichsfhrer-SS, residency without possession of an identification card is punishable by death. Reinhard Heydrich: In Depth We are no longer accepting comments on this article. The Gestapo Law, passed in 1936, gave police the right to act extra-legally.
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