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kefauver hearings transcripts

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After doing all the things called wrong, there she was on top of the world, with a beautiful home in Miami Beach and a handsome husband and baby!. The Committee ultimately produced an 11,000-page report and exposed millions of Americans to organized crime for the first time. made. I dont expect to be made an object of ridicule as long as television is on.. Blowing the whistle on Mob-connected sports betting. When his legal counsel objected to the television cameras, cameramen instead directed their devices at Costello's hands. Some National Distributors, regional Wholesalers and Newsstand venders also appeared to be Hon. Testimony of Walt Kelly, Milton Caniff and Joseph Musial - The National Cartoonist Society. This is his story. Afternoon Session: In 1950 and 1951, he chaired a Senate committee charged with investigating organized crime and exposing its corruption of public institutions. [3] In particular, many cities and states were concerned with the way organized crime had infiltrated interstate commerce, and how it threatened to hold the American economy hostage through labor racketeering. Three years before the Army-McCarthy hearings and 22 years before Watergate, the Kefauver Committee hearings in the winter of 1951 brought a parade of gamblers, hoodlums, crooked sheriffs and organized-crime figures out from the shadows to sit and testify before the white-hot lights and television cameras. Alexander Wiley (R-WI), Chapter 1: Origins Some of the correspondence in this collection is arranged chronologically; some is alphabetically arranged, or in some combination. The committee initiated perjury action against him. The bars and taverns in St. Louis did more business than they did when the World Series was broadcast three months earlier. He uses the hearings to advertise his "good" books at first. An architect by trade, he came to Las Vegas in 1941 to design the Hotel Last Frontier for his uncle, R.E. When she finished, she had to fight her way past the throng of scribes, slapping one female reporter in the face and cursing the photographers. Testifying before the committee in New York, Costello, with his well-coiffed hair and tailored suits, came to personify the American gangster in public imagination. With his new cap (which he was later depicted wearing in a portrait on the cover of Time), Kefauver was elected to the U.S. Senate and assumed office at a time when newspapers were beginning to report on extensive political corruption and government ties to organized crime. [11], Senator Kefauver served as the committee's first chair. Walt Kelly was a Disney Animator who create Pogo for comic books, it would soon become a very popular Kefauver had chaired a Senate committee probe centered on organized crime in interstate commerce - with many of its hearings televised live - from 1950 to 1951. Halley then asked if Jones could ask Weiner to testify, to which Jones agreed. Moore admitted there were a few more shady characters than in other lines of business, and that, while it would be a desirable thing to purge some individuals from the industry, he had never given any thought to how it could be done, despite his license-issuing role on the Tax Commission. Questions about Senate History? United States Senate. Explains why the first Comic Book Code didn't stick. Sometimes only the The Commerce and Judiciary Committees battled to control the investigation, and following a protracted debate, Vice President Alben Barkley cast the tie-breaking vote to establish a special committee. The morning session features Richard Clendenon, Dr. Harris Pack, Henry Edward Schultz and Senator Estes Kefauver, whose witch hunt against comics, aided by Dr. Fredric Wertham's sensational book, Seduction of the Innocent, set the medium back 50 years. He responded that he may be a pet coon but hes not his opponents pet coon. Associated Press, Wilbur Clark poses in front of a sign on the Desert Inn construction site. Jones claimed to have never met him, nor had Lansky spent time at the Thunderbird. "Mr. Carroll, I order you to testify!" "This whole proceeding outrages my sense of propriety," Carroll shouted. Mr. Samuel Black - Vice President Atlantic Coast Independent Distributors Association. The table of contents Senator Kefauver Wows Em on TV, by John Crosby, New York Herald Tribune, March 5, 1951. Mr. Benjamin Freedman - Chairman of the Board, Newsdealers Association of Greater New York and America. This guy is already in prison for publishing and mailing obscene stuff. Wiener admitted that Lansky might have owned some stock in the original Nevada Projects Corporation, but that it wasnt a large percentage. Siegel was the largest shareholder. After estimating that the Flamingo produced $400,000 after taxes per year, Sedway was excused. He was also president of the National Cartoonist Society, a group of popular comic strip creators. An estimated 30 million people in the United States tuned in to watch the live proceedings in March 1951 and at the time 72 percent of the population were familiar with the committee's work. Two of the most noteworthy attacks were the Kefauver investigation in the 1950s and the Knapp Commission hearings in the 1970s. [12] The tremendous success of the broadcast led to the production of a cycle of "expos" crime films dealing with the dismantling of complex criminal organizations by law enforcement. 1735-1990) Part 7 (pp. He also gives some ideas on how to censor comic books. Then serving as ambassador to Mexico, O'Dwyer's answers lacked specificity, leading the public to conclude that he was being intentionally evasive. Public interest in the Kefauver inquiry peaked in March 1951 when the committee convened hearings in New York City and millions of Americans watched the live broadcast. [3], On January 5, 1950, Senator Estes Kefauver (D-Tennessee) introduced a resolution that would allow the Senate Committee on the Judiciary to investigate organized crime's role in interstate commerce. Christian Life Commission (Publisher), United States. 3591-4011) It wasnt surprising, then, that on November 9 the committee announced it would visit Las Vegas as part of a West Coast tour to learn about legalized gambling and its impact on neighboring states. Carroll, I order you to testify!, This whole proceeding outrages my sense of propriety, Carroll shouted back. Executive session." Kefauver was elected to the House of Representatives in 1939 and re-elected four times; his support for President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal legislation made him stand out in conservative Tennessee. (Creator), Southern Baptist Convention. Short and sweet testimony. All of it came courtesy of a deliberate-speaking, endlessly polite Southern senator in horn-rimmed glasses named Estes T. Kefauver. Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, (Library of Congress Name Authority File), United States. Mr. NexisUni has some of these transcripts. Senate. Testimony of Mrs. Helen Meyer and Mr. Matthew Murphy - Vice President and Editor of Dell Publications. I refer, of course, to the 1954 Senate Subcommittee hearing on Juvenile Delinquency, where Senator Estes Kefauver (D-TN), used the spectacle of televised hearings to lambast the entire industry. Building upon the earlier work of state crime commissions, Kefauver directed committee staff to examine what he called "the life blood of organized crime": interstate gambling. Museum building location of the famed Kefauver hearings (1950-51) that exposed organized crime. The few pro-comics experts The Museum is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization with a mission to advance the public understanding of organized crime's history and impact on American society. Some just sat in stony silence, refusing, as one witness said, to criminate themselves. and against comic books, Comic Book Ratings, Are you a Red Dupe? Series XI: Personal Effects (1925-1964) This series contains a variety of information that appears to have been kept in a personal file by Kefauver, but was expanded upon after his death to include correspondence and clippings related to his death and his estate. They lost to Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. Afternoon Session: In the casinos six and half months of operation, Clark had not yet been paid. 1111-1508) Part 5 (pp. Congress. He professed not to know the hotels final construction cost, or the current book value of the property. There ARE tie in sales. There is much talk about the relationship By bringing public opinion to bear on the problems of interstate crime, the investigation helped local and state law enforcement and elected officials to aggressively pursue criminal syndicates. The argument was captured by television cameras, as Carroll simply picked up his coat and began to walk out. There was a problem playing this event. Hearings Part 1 (or Part 1) (pp. We have provided links to the hearing volumes and summaries of their contents below: Part 1. The anti-comic ones are allowed to have their say and are not scrutinized. The Kefauver hearings confirmed the existence of a national crime syndicate and revealed lax enforcement. 159 Linear Feet (318.5 (boxes 1 through folder 5 318)), Part of the Betsey B. Creekmore Special Collections and University Archives, University of Tennessee, Knoxville Repository. a special thank you to Jeff Trexler for photocopying them and mailing to me for free. Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Dell, EC Comics and others all Series XVII: Memorabilia Up next was Reno Police chief Lawrence Russell Greeson, who had investigated New Jersey gambling figure Joseph Doc Stacher. Colorful criminals, sweating and tapping their fingers nervously, seemed to step off the set of Hollywood gangster movies, speaking in broken English, under oath, about their activities. spelled with an H in the middle. Business and political leaders demanded action. Articles & columns that are both pro mistake is mine, I just ask that you don't automatically assume so. United States. The hearings were held between 1957 and 1959. is just different ways of spelling stuff. Costello mumbled incoherent answers, became belligerent, refused to answer questions, and twice left the witness table without being dismissed. The committee launched its investigation in Miami on May 28, 1950, and found evidence of gambling everywhere, from restaurants to cigar stands. This is a 300+ page document and I used an OCR program to get it on my computer. Your Privacy Rights continue on intimidating the comic book publishers by bringing in politicians that either have or tried to William Gaines that the Senators didn't think was very funny. He did this Clark started by sharing that he was a member of the corporation that owned Wilbur Clarks Desert Inn and an employee of the casino. This is a public hearing and anyone has a right to be here, Kefauver told him. Griffith, and operated the casino, which opened as the second major property on the Strip in 1942, after his uncles death. Draft of Senator Kefauver's personal statement on moving on from Crime committee. He denied having ever had a business relationship with any of them or knowing any specifics of their business. Americans were fascinated by the spectacle of a mob boss under duress. If I wasnt interested in a business, he didnt discuss that business with me. After Tobey went on an extended diatribe that culminated with him calling Sedway and his partners a cancer spot on the body politic, the senator returned the floor to Halley, who continued questioning Sedway in less judgmental terms about his current businesses and his knowledge of the business of Lansky, Sadlo, Costello, Dragna and Hymie Levin, about which he claimed to know nothing. endobj Next, Senator Tobey grilled Moore on the moral characteristics of his fellow gambling entrepreneurs. James A. Fitzpatrick, Chairman, New York State Joint Legislative Committee To Study The Publication Of Comics, Mr. Benjamin Freedman - Chairman of the Board, Newsdealers Association of Greater New York and America. After Moore explained that the Commission had just denied a license to Joseph Doc Stacher because of his associates in New Jersey, Kefauver thanked and excused Moore. Dr. Harris Peck - Director of the Bureau of Mental Health Services, Children's Court, New York, N. Y. Henry Edward Schultz - General Counsel, Association of Comic Magazine Publishers, Inc., New York, N. Y. Dr. Fredric Wertham - Author of Seduction of the Innocent, Mr. William Gaines - Publisher of EC Comics, Testimony of Walt Kelly, Milton Caniff and Joseph Musial - The National Cartoonist Society, Gunner Dybwad - Executive Director of the Child Study Association of America, Mr. William Friedman - Small comic book publisher with some horror books, Dr. Laura Bender - Psychiatrist working for DC Comics, Mr. Monroe Froehlich Jr. - Business Manager of Magazine Management Co. (Marvel Comics), Mr. William Richter - News Dealers Association of Greater New York, Mr. Alex Segal - President, Stravon Publications, Testimony of Mrs. Helen Meyer and Mr. Matthew Murphy - Vice President and Editor of Dell Publications, Hon. Morning Session: By the time the Kefauver Committee arrived in New York, in March of 1951, five of the citys seven television stations were carrying live proceedings, broadcast to dozens of stations across the country. Origins The resort was completed in 1950 after he brought in Mob-connected investors from Cleveland led by Moe Dalitz. "bad" comic book publisher. In addition to his duties at the Last Frontier, Moore served as a member of the Nevada Tax Commission, the administrative body that oversaw the collection of taxes from Nevada businesses, including casinos. We have put the press off here for a long while, and Mr. Jones is going to bring his partner back. With that the committee adjourned, Kefauver held a press conference and went to lunch before returning. was already established and toned down comics were coming out with the CCA stamp on them. questioned on how comic books were distributed. Council on Law Enforcement (Creator), Economic Club of Detroit (Copyright holder), Hudson Guild (New York, N.Y.) (Copyright holder), Kefauver, Estes, 1903-1963 (Copyright holder), Library of Congress. 2581-3219) Part 9 (pp. Henry Edward Schultz - General Counsel, Association of Comic Magazine Publishers, Inc., New York, N. Y. Information provided by the Senate Historical Office. Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver ran to be the Democratic nominee for president. "Never before had the attention of the nation been riveted so completely on a single matter," explained Life magazine. Dr. Laura Bender - Psychiatrist working for DC Comics Prices of patented antibiotics held constant for nearly a decade prior to the Kefauver hearings. a close reading of the transcripts of both events reveals several strikingly similar exchanges about comics and their place in American society . Mr. Harold Chamberlain - Circulation Director of Independent News Co. Mr. Charles Appel - Owner, Angus Drug Store. The Kefauver hearings were televised, bringing organized crime into the living rooms of many Americans for the first time. Never mind that newsreel cameras captured Costellos entire face and body as he spokethe highlights of which were shown on newscasts later that evening. Send us corrections Comments 0. He is the associate vice provost for faculty affairs at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Although the titles of the subseries may not indicate it, most of these are arranged in chronological order by campaign, although some materials are arranged by type (e.g., Scrapbooks).Series VI: Contacts (undated) consists of address books and card files, each arranged alphabetically by state, district, or county.Series VII: Published hearings, reports, and Congressional Records (1945-1963) contains hearings from Judiciary Committee, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy,House Committee on Veterans Affairs, amongst other government and Congressional publications.Series VIII: Travel (1948-1963) This series contains correspondence, invitations, itineraries, event programs, and like items relating to Kefauver's travels both nationally and abroad. First-term senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee drafted a resolution to create a special committee to investigate the issue. It retains its relevance today, particularly in Las Vegas, where The Mob Museum occupies the building in which the committee met during its sole trip to Las Vegas. This guide will point you to publications of the United States Congress (House of Representatives and Senate) available online and in libraries. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> [3][4] However, the Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce already claimed jurisdiction over the issue. "Television and radio make these events more vivid and alive to the general public than newspapers," explained one New York teacher. gone through it four times with a fine tooth comb to try and weed out all the mistakes the OCR program Although Kefauver won the majority of Democratic primaries, he lost the nomination to Adlai Stevenson, who then lost the general election to General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Though he was unsuccessful in his bid for the presidency, in 1956 Democrats selected Kefauver as their vice presidential candidate. But in fact, the Kefauver hearings had little impact in the cities the Committee visited: He and his men swept in and then just as quickly swept out, leaving behind titillating news coverage and an unforgettable television experience. Remembering Estes Kefauver, by Theodore Brown, Jr. and Robert B. Allen, The Progressive Populist, 1996, http://www.populist.com/96.10.kefauver.html. There were also Politicians from Canada, His reputation shattered, O'Dwyer resigned his diplomatic post. Many of the Kefauver Committee's hearings were aimed at proving that a Sicilian-Italian organization based on strong family ties centrally controlled a vast organized crime conspiracy in the United States, but the committee never came close to justifying such a claim. 435-755) Part 3 (pp. Juvenile delinquency, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Organized crime, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Legislative hearings, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Gambling, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Television, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Children--Institutional care, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Motion pictures, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Pornography, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Adoption, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Comic books, strips, etc., (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Drug abuse, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), International organization, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Juvenile courts, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Political corruption, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Sports betting, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Witnesses, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), College sports, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Comic books, strips, etc, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Correctional institutions, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Criminals--Rehabilitation, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Deportation, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Gangster films, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Housing, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Interstate commerce, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Korean War, 1950-1953, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Mental health, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Narcotic laws, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Organized crime--Prevention, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Police, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Prostitution, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Schools, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Slot machines, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Swindlers and swindling, (Library of Congress Subject Headings), Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America, (Library of Congress Name Authority File), District of Columbia. | Visit ArchivesSpace.org There were Kefauver block parties, and attendance on Broadway wilted. The committee had already been conducting hearings for five months, and they were tired. 3221-3590) Part 10 (pp. [16], United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce, Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, "Records of Senate Select and Special Committees, 1789-1988," In, "Special Committee on Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce (The Kefauver Committee)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce&oldid=1116422779, This page was last edited on 16 October 2022, at 13:54. I owe Your ad here, right now: $0 Among the most notable was an admission by J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, that a national organized crime syndicate did exist and that the FBI had done little about it. Guess what? )Series V: Campaign (1936-1963) contains materials from Kefauvers many campaigns for his House and Senate seat and his unsuccessful bids for President (1952) and Vice President (1956).

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