They usually allied themselves with a particular social class, and attempted either to maintain the interests of wealthy and privileged elites or to institute far-reaching left-wing social reforms. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. One of the more dramatic examples of this kind of human rights abuse occurred in Myanmar in 2008. Although governing elites in these societies are no longer recruited from a single class, they are often not subjected to effective restraints on the exercise of their power. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. [136] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. The ruler of a dictatorship is called a dictator. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. While portrayed to their people as benevolent, loving rulers, dictators typically come to power simply to benefit themselves. A nation, government, or form of government in which absolute power is wielded by a dictator. Today, the term "dictator" is associated with cruel and oppressive rulers who violate human rights and maintain their power by jailing and executing their opponents. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The country suffered for many years under his, His enemies accused him of establishing a, Today, Russia under President Vladimir Putin is an autocracy verging on military, Lest this only conjure up images of a repressive, The latter includes the now-defunct dark web market Hydra as well as North Koreas infamous Lazarus Group, a team of hackers that carries out sophisticated cyber and crypto robberies to support the, After seven brutal years in power, the Armed Forces finally withdrew from the Executive, allowing open elections in which Alfonsn handily took the popular vote with a mandate to investigate the crimes committed during the 1976-1983 military, Inevitably, during his life, Pel encountered problems: his commercial activities were sometimes mired in controversy; at one stage he was labeled a left-wing antagonist of the Brazilian government, then was later described as being too conservative in his views of the Brazilian, Chilean author Nona Fernndez grew up alongside the violence of the Pinochet, At least since the infamous dread pirate Captain Flint haunted the pages of Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island, pirate vessels have been treated in the popular imagination as floating, Post the Definition of dictatorship to Facebook, Share the Definition of dictatorship on Twitter. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. The crucial elements of both were the identification of the state with the single mass party and of the party with its charismatic leader, the use of an official ideology to legitimize and maintain the regime, the employment of a terroristic police force and a controlled press, and the application of all the means of modern science and technology to control the economy and individual behaviour. Vladimir Putin's Russia is headed for a military dictatorship - and [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. 150,000 protest Israeli judicial reform, Spanish PM voices support This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/dictatorship, dictatorship - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), dictatorship - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. The other was a constitutional democracy. [144] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism. The people living in dictatorships are often subjected to human rights abuses and severe limits to their personal freedom. Leslie Beecher has been in the field of education for over 15 years serving as a tutor, teacher and instructional designer. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. North Korea's Power Structure - Council on Foreign Relations Sovereignty Concept & Kinds | What is Sovereignty? A dictatorship is a government in which a single person or small group holds all the power, and has absolute authority over politics and the population. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined the term totalitario in the early 1920s to characterize the new fascist state of Italy, which he further described as "all within the state, none outside the state, none . Create your account. The most notorious dictatorships are characterized by a culture of violence, terror and death. Fakhrul calls on workers to stand against 'dictatorship' Dictatorship - Wikipedia The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. Dictatorship definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary Indeed, in some circumstances, the new elites may use their power to convert themselves into a governing class whose interests are protected by every agency of the state. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. Accessed 1 May. Dictatorship is the special type of ruling over a country. In the Aristotelian classification of government, there were two forms of rule by the few: aristocracy and its debased form, oligarchy. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The term dictatorship comes from the Latin title dictator, which in the Roman Republic designated a temporary magistrate who was granted extraordinary powers in order to deal with state crises. In some instances, a group of nations or communities could be governed under a dictatorship instead of a single nation. These caudillos, or self-proclaimed leaders, usually led a private army and tried to establish control over a territory before marching upon a weak national government. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. On paper, Russia is a federal democratic state. | Examples and Characteristics. [132] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. Dictators tend to resort to force or fraud to gain political power. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. In Latin America in the 19th century, various dictators arose after effective central authority had collapsed in the new nations recently freed from Spanish colonial rule. The root word dictator comes from the Roman Republic when a "dictator" would be appointed temporarily during an emergency or state crisis. It often refers to a form of government that has the authority of absolute rule within one person or a structured polity. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. This person is called a dictator. dictator + -ship, as translation of Latin dicttra. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. 16 Pros and Cons of Dictatorship - Vittana.org Industrialization produces new, differentiated elites that replace the small leadership groupings that once controlled social, economic, and political power in the society. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. He can rule on anyone,. Learn a new word every day. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez spoke out in support of the Israeli judicial reform protests in a video that was screened at the anti-judicial reform demonstrations in Tel Aviv on Saturday . [141], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. 18 Dictatorship Examples (2023) - Helpful Professor [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. Delivered to your inbox! The complex decisions required of governments in a technological era, the perfectionist impulses of the great bureaucratic structures that have developed in all industrialized societies, and the imperatives of national survival in a nuclear world continue to add to the process of executive aggrandizement. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. The rigging of elections is just one example of how citizens in a dictatorship have little to no personal freedom. 2023. In an essay of about two to three paragraphs, define dictatorship and explain how a dictator can rise to power. It has fewer advantages than disadvantages Advantages Low crime rates. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. Dictatorship | What It Is, Types, Characteristics And Examples D.C.'s favorite parlor game is coming to an end. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. The growing complexity of modern society and its government thrusts ever greater power into the hands of administrators and committees of experts. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle and repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the dictator's inner circle. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. The 69-year-old leader, who has sought to dispel concerns about his health weeks before a crucial election, has canceled several campaign stops. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. Think back to what you have previously learned about history. Most modern-day dictators rise to power for personal reasons, which are not usually benevolent or for the good of the country's citizens. According to Ford, Dictatorship is the assumption of extra-legal authority by the Head of the State. Dictators employ techniques of mass propaganda in order to sustain public support. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Ruler often rises to power out of conflict, Dictators control all branches of government and the media, Intimidation, murder, imprisonment, violence and other human rights abuses are used to control the population, A cult of personality makes the ruler appear divine, Consider the factors that make a country a dictatorship, Describe the quality of life under a dictator's rule. Ancient philosophers descriptions of the tyrannies of Greece and Sicily go far toward characterizing modern dictatorships. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. In some of these countries, presidents and prime ministers captured personal power by banning opposition parties and building replicas of the one-party systems of the communist world. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. Dictatorship. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dictatorship. After a brief period of constitutional rule, each of the former Spanish colonies in the Americas experienced a collapse of effective national government. President Biden is expected to make his reelection announcement as soon as Tuesday, beginning the 80-year-old career politician's final campaign. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. A dictatorship is a system of government in which a single person or party has complete political power; the dictator often maintains power by employing oppressive methods. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. An authoritarian military dictatorship ruled Chile for seventeen years, between 11 September 1973 and 11 March 1990. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1152037614. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. With constitutional democracy, it is one of the two chief forms of government in use today. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. While royal rule, as legitimized by blood descent, had almost vanished as an effective principle of government in the modern world, monocracya term that comprehends the rule of non-Western royal absolutists, of generals and strongmen in Latin America and Asia, of a number of leaders in postcolonial Africa, and of the totalitarian heads of communist statesstill flourished. Articles on Dictatorship. A dictatorship is a form of government where one person, or a small group of individuals, can make decisions without effective constitutional limitations. dictatorship, form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Erdogan looked pale as he sat behind a desk surrounded by Cabinet members . Under presidents Fidel Castro and Raul Castro, Cuba has been known for its routine use of false imprisonment, forced separation of families and public beatings to suppress political opposition. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. The use of the term dictatorship originated in the Roman Republic. Democracy Features & Examples | What is a Democratic Country? Fascism, in its National Socialist form, was primarily a counterrevolutionary movement that mobilized middle- and lower middle-class groups to pursue nationalistic and militaristic goals and whose sole principle of organization was obedience to the Fhrer. dictatorship, form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations. Dictatorship. To be considered a dictatorship means that a country is known to be run by one person without any checks and balances on his power. See examples of ancient and modern dictatorships. Military dictatorship of Chile (1973-1990) - Wikipedia Military dictatorships may be ruled by a single high-ranking military officer or by a group of such officers. [143], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. A dictatorship is a form of government in which most or all authority of the country is in the hands of a single individual; the leader. What is a Dictatorship? Examples and Characteristics - Study.com [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". Nicolas Maduro Moros is a Venezuelan politician and has been the president of Venezuela since 2013. As a result, dictatorship became one of the two dominant forms of government utilized by countries. [126] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. Government Overview, Purpose & Types | What is a Government? The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and they are facilitated through an inner circle of elites that includes advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. The dictatorship is opposed to the democratic system of government. Meaning of Dictatorship. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. Democracy, Monarchy and Dictatorship: Types of Government Systems Dictators usually come to power through some kind of violent struggle, rather than the peaceful passage of power that we take for granted in the United States. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. Dictatorship - a form of government in which a ruler or small clique wield absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws). Alfred says, [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes.
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