This 405km (252mi) standard gauge, dual-track, electrified line was built between 1999 and 2003. This ambitious national grid project was planned to be built by 2020, but the government's stimulus has expedited time-tables considerably for many of the lines. [96] On August 10, 2011, the Chinese government announced that it was suspending approvals of any new high-speed rail lines pending the outcome of the investigation. As of 2022, the China State Railway Group has had a debt of around $900 billion USD, according to Nikkei. "China to Bid on US High-Speed Rail Projects" A.P. This percentage increased to 65%, 69% and 72% in the year of 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. As of 2010, the CRIC-bonds are considered to be relatively safe investments because they are backed by assets (the railways) and implicitly by the government. In the first three quarters of 2012, the line lost 1.87 billion. By the mid-1990s, average train speed in China was about 60km/h (37mph). [38] However, Chinese citizens angry with Japan's denial of World War II war crimes organized a web campaign to oppose the awarding of HSR contracts to Japanese companies. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set [4] China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. In the same year, the Ministry of Science and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. [42] They are known as CRH2A. High-speed trains on PDLs can generally reach 300350km/h (190220mph). To date, China owns the largest HSR system in the world, with a total operating high-speed rail network of 40,000 kilometers in 2021. [55][72] "[4], Lastly, the HSR network includes newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200250km/h (120160mph) that can carry high-speed passenger and express freight trains.[4]. [110] Over the course of the year, the MOR's budget rose from $64.3 billion to $96.5 billion. Train travel between central and southern Chinas largest cities, Wuhan and Guangzhou, was reduced to just over three hours. [215][216], Typical application of track technology in China high-speed lines, Chinese train-makers and rail builders have signed agreements to build HSRs in Turkey, Venezuela, Argentina,[217] and Indonesia[218] and are bidding on HSR projects in the United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil (So Paulo to Rio de Janeiro) and Myanmar, and other countries. China's first line, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger railway, was opened in 2003. The plan envisions a larger 8+8 high speed rail grid serving the nation and expanded intercity lines for regional and commuter services for large metropolitan areas of China. [9], Notable HSR lines in China include the BeijingGuangzhou high-speed railway which at 2,298km (1,428mi) is the world's longest HSR line in operation, and the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway with the world's fastest operating conventional train services. As of March 2011, no major quality defects had been found in the system. [221], In January 2014, the China Railway Construction Corporation completed a 30km (19mi) section of the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway between Eskiehir and nn in western Turkey.[222]. [99] The speed of the remaining 350km/h (217mph) trains between Shanghai and Hangzhou was reduced to 300km/h (186mph) as of August 28, 2011. "Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed." This ambitious national grid project was planned to be built by 2020, but the government's stimulus has expedited time-tables considerably for many of the lines. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. The completion dates are 2020 and 2021.[196]. Most of the components of the CRH trains manufactured by Chinese companies were from local suppliers, with only a few parts imported. [158] The Southeast HSR corridor lost 0.377billion in its first year beginning August 2009. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date [11], Economically, there were initial concerns, particularly outside China, over the high-speed rail's cost, debt and profitability. Examples of technology transfer include Mitsubishi Electrics MT205 traction motor and ATM9 transformer to CSR Zhuzhou Electric, Hitachis YJ92A traction motor and Alstoms YJ87A Traction motor to CNR Yongji Electric, Siemens TSG series pantograph to Zhuzhou Gofront Electric. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. The BeijingShanghai high-speed railway, the second major cross-regional line, opened in June 2011 and was the first line designed with a top speed of 380km/h (236mph) in commercial service. [144] In addition, it is hard to identify problems in the construction process, given the distribution resource planning system needed for rapid railway building and assembling. In 2021, China's high-speed rail network had covered 40,000 kilometers, connecting 93% of the country's cities with a population of over 500,000. China Railway reports the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets and this figure is frequently reported as high-speed ridership, even though this figure includes passengers from EMU trains providing sub-high speed service. Meanwhile, the United States has just . [131], In 2016, with the near completion of the National 4+4 grid, a new "Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network" Plan was drafted. But high-speed trains often have to share tracks with slower, heavy freight trains in some cases with as little as 5 minutes headway. When considering route strategy, HSR's market share versus other modes must be well understood. Bombardier, the first foreign train-maker to form a joint venture in China, has been sharing technology for the manufacture of railway passenger cars and rolling stock since 1998. In 2007, travel time from Beijing to Shanghai was about 10 hours at a top speed of 200km/h (124mph) on the upgraded BeijingShanghai Railway. China has the world's only commercial maglev high-speed train line in operation. We are happy to help. This would later allow the Chinese government through CRRC to make the more reliable Fuxing Hao and Hexie Hao trains. [69][70] In June, the MOR maintained that high-speed rail construction was not slowing down. Currently, you are using a shared account. [158] The Zhengzhou-Xian HSR since opening in February 2010 was expected to generate revenues of 0.6billion in its first full year but must make interest payments of 1.1billion. [121] The number of high-speed train sets in operation grew from 1,277 pairs in June to 1,556.5 pairs in December. Train speeds have increased from a maximum of 200 km per hour to 350 km per hour - the fastest in the world. China Railway is the successor of the former Ministry of Railways. [60] Investigators found evidence that another 187million ($28.5million) was misappropriated from the $33billion BeijingShanghai high-speed railway in 2010. At 309 million (about $377 million) per mile, the U.K.'s High Speed 2 line, which is currently under construction, is the most . [39] The MOR delayed the decision, broadened the bidding and adopted a diversified approach to adopting foreign high-speed train technology. The Beijing Shanghai route has been always full and making big money even during the pandemic. [23] In 1995, Premier Li Peng announced that preparatory work on the Beijing Shanghai HSR would begin in the 9th Five Year Plan (19962000), but construction was not scheduled until the first decade of the 21st century. In July 2016, the state planners reorganized the national HSR network including HSR lines in operation, under construction and under planning into eight vertical and eight horizontal high speed rail corridors, almost doubling the network.[189][190]. | Pedestrian Observations", National Development and Reform Commission 2016, "30,000-kilometer high-speed railway to cover 80% of urban areas by 2020", "No timetable yet for Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev line: official", "Beijing's first maglev line resumes construction", "All Existing and U/C Maglev Lines in 2020", "High-speed rail construction not suspended People's Daily Online", "China Railway sets out 2017 targets International Railway Journal", "China Exclusive: Five bln trips made on China's bullet trains", "China's railways report 3.57b passenger trips in 2019", "Total volume of passenger transported by highspeed railways in China from 2008 to 2021", "Train Makers Rail Against China's High-Speed Designs", "China Rail Chief's Firing Hints at Trouble", "High-Speed Trains in China to Run Slower, Ministry Says", "Full steam ahead for high-speed rail patents overseas", "Chinese firm launches R&D on 600 km/h maglev train", "China Is Eager to Bring High-Speed Rail Expertise to the U.S.", "Indonesia's Handling of High-speed Train Project Adds to Business Confusion, Mixed Messages to Japan, China Come as Indonesia courts foreign investors", "Siemens joins China bid for Saudi Haramain project", "GE and China MOR Sign Strategic MOU to Advance High-Speed Rail Opportunities in the U.S.", Chinese Firm Constructs High-Speed Railway in Turkey, "China to Design New Russian High-Speed Railway", "Shanghai Maglev Train (431 km/h) - High Definition Video", "China restores bullet train speed to 350 km/h Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China begins to restore 350 kmh bullet train Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China powers ahead as new entrants clock in", "China launches longest high-speed train service" China Daily, National Development and Reform Commission, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_China&oldid=1152594619, Stimulates the economy in the short term as HSR construction creates jobs and drives up demand for construction, steel and cement industries during the economic downturn. By 2008, as part of the infrastructure development plan that accompanied the country hosting the Olympic Games, high-speed trains between Beijng and Tainjin were introduced and set the world record for average journey speed at 313km/h . For foreign train-makers, technology transfer is an important part of gaining market access in China. Instead, a conventional subway line was built to connect the two airports, and a conventional high-speed rail line was built between Shanghai and Hangzhou. [84][85][86] The Wenzhou train accident and the lack of accountability by railway officials caused a public uproar and heightened concerns about the safety and management of China's high-speed rail system. [209] In 2007, CRH EMU trains running on conventional track upgraded in the sixth round of the "Speed-up Campaign" carried 61 million passengers, before the country's first high-speed rail line, the BeijingTianjin intercity railway, opened in August 2008. Bombardier, through its joint venture with CSR's Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co (CSR Sifang), Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd (BST). Total investments in new rail lines including HSR reached $49.4billion in 2008 and $88billion in 2009. The HSR network includes new mixed passenger-freight lines with a design speed of 200250km/h (120160mph). The fastest commercial train service measured by peak operational speed is the, The fastest commercial train service measured by average train speed is the CRH express service on the, The fastest timetabled start-to-stop runs between a station pair in the world are trains G17/G39 on the, The top speed attained by a non-maglev train in China is 487.3km/h (302.8mph) by a, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 05:10. While a number of high-speed railways in eastern China have started to be operationally profitable since 2015, the high speed railways in the midwest still operate at a loss. The earliest PDLs built were sections of the corridors that connected large cities in the same region. For example, the BeijingTianjin intercity railway in its two full years of operation, delivered over 41 million rides. Opponents noted that high-speed rail in other countries were expensive and mostly unprofitable. In 2018, annual ridership on EMU train sets, which encompasses officially defined high-speed rail service as well as certain sub-high-speed service routes, accounted for about two-thirds of all regional rail trips (not including urban trains) in China. On one hand, the demand of high-speed rail in China steadily increases over time. Two-direction departures at five-minute intervals, but can be as short as 1 minute. [50], After committing to conventional-track high-speed rail in 2006, the state embarked on an ambitious campaign to build passenger-dedicated high-speed rail lines, which accounted for a large part of the government's growing budget for rail construction. "[18] EMU train sets have no more than 16railcars with axle load not greater than 17tonnes and service interval of not less than threeminutes. [63][65][66] This was in response to concerns over safety, low ridership due to high ticket prices,[67] and high energy usage. [21] In December 1990, the Ministry of Railways (MOR) submitted to the National People's Congress a proposal to build a high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai. [231], Media related to High-speed rail in China at Wikimedia Commons, For rail transport in China generally, see. Trains can operate at 200km/h (124mph) on many of the conventional main lines. [138], The safety issue that drew the attention of the public and the government was the Wenzhou train collision which happened on July 23, 2011, in which 40 people died, 172 were injured, and 54 related officials blamed and punished. ZhengzhouXi'an high-speed railway is estimated to run 59 trains in 2010 and 125 trains in 2018, yet in 2016 there are merely around 30 trains on operation, causing a 1.4 billion loss. [230] It overtook the G529/530 trains for the Beijing West - Beihai (Beihai Railway Station [zh]) service (2,697km (1,676mi), 15 1/2 hours for southbound train, 15 3/4 hours for northbound train), which had set the previous record on July 1, 2016. [94][95] A commission was formed to investigate the accident with a directive to report its findings in September 2011. The Shanghai Maglev is the world's first high-speed commercial magnetic levitation ("maglev") line, whose trains run on non-conventional track and reach a top speed of 430km/h (267mph). [210] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. [27][note 4] In all, travel speed increased on 22,000km (14,000mi), or one-fifth, of the national rail network, and the average speed of passenger trains improved to 70km/h (43mph). Because public transportation is a service provided by the government, it serves for the entire national life and economic development. On August 1, 2008, the BeijingTianjin intercity railway opened in time for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The CRH380A/AL, the first indigenous high-speed train of the CRH series, entered service on the Shanghai-Hangzhou High-Speed Railway on October 26, 2010. "When you look at the systems in Japan, at the systems in China, nine major cities in Japan are connected with true high-speed rail; China has 26,000 miles of high-speed train routes. The World Bank estimated in 2019 that currently, the average cost of the Chinese high-speed rail network was from 17 to 21 million dollars per km, which is one third less than the cost of most of Western countries. Retrieved 2011-07-25", "First Chinese designed HS train breaks cover", "Keith Bradsher, "China Sees Growth Engine in a Web of Fast Trains".
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