Register now. What are the set of core U.S. national interests that should result in strategic and well-resourced Indo-Pacific initiatives? Emily Weinstein is a research analyst with the Center for Security and Emerging Technology at Georgetown University. ), Between July 2016 and June 2018, Huawei gave at least $300,000 to Brookings, via FutureWei Technologies, Inc., a U.S.-based subsidiary of the company, according to Brookings' annual reports. Visa issues for visiting teachers have prompted suspensions and contributed to cancellation of some CI programs. Both countries have advanced universities and research labs. Western technology firms have observed Chinas digital payments success and are trying to play catch-up, but no one has been able to replicate the wide variety of services offered by Chinas most important super app. Survey data from 2019 found that 95% of Chinese online consumers had used mobile payments at least once in a three-month period, and the average user made four transactions per day. By focusing on where all groups are thriving, we can see where cooperation and democratic decisionmaking are most likely to be a reality and work toward high levels of well-being for everyone . Similarly, biotech giant BGI has managed to dominate the genetic sequencing industry via private investment and government subsidies and support. The proliferation of WeChat throughout Chinese societyspanning generations and across the urban-rural divideis a monumental feat and demonstrates WeChats adaptability. Chinas smart cities market is estimated to be worth more than $1 trillion, and three Chinese entities dominate smart city patents. Rather than copying capitalist systems like that of the United States, the Chinese government has sought to create a system that, through various formal and informal channels, promotes connectivity between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and nominally private Chinese enterprises. The Brookings Doha Center, an arm of the think tank in Qatar's capital that focuses on Middle East issues, is funded largely by the Qatari government, which has pledged $21.6 million to . It should also increase Mandarin language and China studies funding under other critical language programs, and re-authorize the Fulbright program with China, including language awards, that were terminated in July 2020. Brookings Institution, not-for-profit research organization based in Washington, D.C., founded in 1916 as the Institute for Government Research by the merchant, manufacturer, and philanthropist Robert S. Brookings and other reformers. Through its Belt and Road Initiative, China has established influence across the following three regions: South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. What are the implications of Chinese activity across various strategic domains security, infrastructure, economic statecraft, and more for the United States? Application Deadline: December 1, 2021. Passed in August 2018, the 2019 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) prohibited the Pentagon from financing Chinese language programs at universities that host a CI, absent Department of Defense waivers, which have not been granted. Beijings move to establish a comprehensive technology transfer system is founded on the assumption that these strategic technologies will make their way to China in order to be re-innovated, not just copied. Second, the group will focus on Americas policy choices in response to Chinas economic investments and security relationships in these regions: what is current U.S. policy, what is America doing right, and where can it improve? Marshall Sahlins, an early and eloquent CI critic who was instrumental in closing the University of Chicago CI in 2014, observed ironically in mid-2018 that the American government now mimics the totalitarian regime of the PRC by dictating what can and cannot be taught in our own educational institutions.. "For this reason, I have been convening meetings between the . China has already made a major bid for influence in the instruments of international economic governance. While a 2019 Senate subcommittee report described CIs as being controlled, funded, and mostly staffed by the Chinese government, they have operated as U.S.-Chinese joint ventures, jointly funded and managed. China is the largest official bilateral creditor to the developing world, mainly via infrastructure loans at commercial interest rates in its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The Declaration is a good start, but is intentionally vague, generally restating the existing commitments and policies of the two countries. Broadly, can the U.S. and China find a way to cooperate on energy and climate issues amidst their strained relationship? What are the interests and national security strategies of key regional players which include but go beyond the usual like-minded group: Japan, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Philippines? Finally, Europe wields power globally by enhancing the role of the European Union, which is powerful on international economic issues while remaining weak as a security actor (although the massive and unprovoked Russian military assault against Ukraine in February 2022 stimulated calls for much greater European efforts on defense). With respect to a frequently voiced concern that CI agreements often stipulate applicability of both U.S. and Chinese law, it reproduced a common provision also contained in the Hanban template CI agreement that Chinese personnel working at CIs must comply with U.S. law, while Chinese law would apply to Americans involved in China-based CI activities. Individuals are able to do almost anything using the app, from ordering food and paying bills to filing for divorce and applying for visas. U.S. policymakers have increasingly done away with the largely debunked notion that non-free market countries cannot innovate. By then, the U.S. government had mostly blocked Huawei from the U.S. market, and in a damning October 2012 report, the U.S. House Intelligence Committee called the company a national security threat amidst allegations it had stolen sensitive information from American companies. At larger universities with separate Chinese language departments teaching for-credit courses, CIs typically focus on language teacher training, K-12 language classes and community language and cultural outreach. . However, certain parts of the Declaration, some of which are outlined below, signal greater ambition, especially in areas that are ripe for cooperation between the two nations and that focus on near-term impact. Has Chinese aid benefited recipient countries? Brookings's reports do not disclose specific contribution amounts but instead categorize donors into ranges. What are the key dynamics and salient issues at play in Chinas relationship with the region? This article was published more than4 years ago. employees 565 2021 Beijing has also leveraged overseas technology and knowledgein conjunction with supporting reformsto bolster its own innovation capabilities and adapt them to fit within the Chinese model. To be sure, some private U.S. NGOs offer Mandarin learning, including an Asia Society program with 35,000 students studying Chinese in 100 K-12 schools around the country that are linked with sister schools in China. The American hub-and-spoke alliance system is increasingly operating in tandem with networked security arrangements such as the Quad, AUKUS, and a host of issue-specific bilaterals and trilaterals. These include: What approach can the U.S. pursue across strategic domains to integrate economic, military, and diplomatic measures to avoid conflict with China? With U.S.-China bilateral technology investment seeing a steep 96 percent decline since 2016, Beijing has been forced to look for new ways to source key technologies, turning to shell companies and intermediary agents to source foreign components, reagents, and other relevant equipment. In October 2017, the Brookings Institution, one of Washington's most prestigious think tanks, published a report entitled "Benefits and Best Practices of Safe City Innovation." The report. How do President Xi Jinpings personal ambitions and the centralization of power in the Chinese Communist Party affect Chinas approach to foreign policy? On the other hand, Chinas relationship with Russia provides an opportunity for both of those countries to work together to counter and undermine the long-standing U.S.-led international order. A congressionally-commissioned study by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) published in February 2019 essentially supported that view. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, DC. West has spoken at several Huawei events. As we watch the Chinese Communist Party celebrate its centennial anniversary in 2021, many observers have noted that China has moved away from traditional communism and more towards a system that fits its modern needsSocialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era, as designated by Xi Jinping himself. Drug Trafficking & Counter-Narcotics Policy, Fentanyl: A triangle of sadness (US, Mexico, and China), Assessing Chinas Influence in South Asia. In August 2020, the Department of State designated the Confucius Institute U.S. Center (CIUS) as a foreign mission, effectively controlled by the Chinese government that funds it. Even critics concede the CI program has provided valuable learning experiences otherwise unavailable due to budget constraints and the lack of Mandarin teachers at universities and public schools across the nation. Brookings Institution is a 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization funded through donations. It is in its near abroad, that Chinas influence is felt more intensely: from its expansive claims in the South and East China seas, border conflicts with India, and the more frequent use of economic coercion on regional actors; to landmark connectivity initiatives such as the Belt and Road initiative aiming to close the infrastructure finance gap and secure Chinas leadership in the region. What would the impacts be at home and abroad? In May 2018, the Pentagon recommended stores on U.S. military bases stop selling phones from Huawei as well as the Chinese tech giant ZTE because they may pose an unacceptable risk, according to a Pentagon spokesman. How are Chinas relations with other great powers creating opportunities and challenges for Beijing as it pursues its foreign policy objectives vis--vis the United States, and what will this mean for U.S. relations with the great powers? This working group will first seek to define Chinas role in these three regions and highlight the factors that determine its influence. Chinese capabilities and ambitions have grown substantially to become the second largest economy in the world, largest trading partner for all regional economies, and a formidable military power with sizable and non-transparent defense expenditures. Brookings will not accept gifts from donors who seek to undermine the independence of its scholars research or otherwise to predetermine or influence recommendations.). How does direct diplomacy with China impact Americas ability to create favorable external conditions for influencing Chinas choices, and vice versa? CI partnerships also became embroiled in a Department of Education (DOE) initiative to enforce a foreign gift reporting requirement. Technology is perhaps the most intense realm of competition between the United States and China today, and artificial intelligence (AI) is central to that contest. Similarly, flouting of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and decisions by the big players is particularly hard on small and medium-sized economies. At stake are core democratic values that underpin free and open societies. It remains too soon to determine whether these interdependencies will mitigate or intensify rivalry. In particular, how do politics, economics, security dynamics, as well as regional and geo-political considerations intersect in defining Chinas relationship with the region and its strategy toward it? Multiple factors, including dimmer China-related job prospects, as well as pollution and academic and lifestyle concerns relating to study within the PRC, explain this trend. He was China Director at the National Security Council from 2013 to 2017 and served in the U.S. embassy in . More broadly, the U.S. government also has an urgent interest in stabilizing the U.S.-China relationship so that the two countries can work together constructively to meet common challenges. In addition, some universities still have difficulty finding qualified Mandarin teachers, especially at the K-12 level, to satisfy remaining demand. Nonetheless, federal funding is needed to adequately meet the Mandarin language challenge and lessen cash-strapped universities dependence on Chinese funding and other teaching support. Established in Washington, D.C. in 2012 to promote Chinese language teaching and learning in the U.S., CIUS connects school districts interested in developing a Chinese language curriculum to appropriate CI and other resources, and provides professional development opportunities to Confucius Classroom teachers. What are the implications of Chinas economic expansion and what can the U.S. and others do to set and promote global norms and standards? The Declaration also contains references to softer issues, like deforestation and societal benefits of decarbonization, along with technological issues like the circular economy and carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration. As the United States charts its path to retain its essential role as a preeminent Pacific power, it must first get its priorities right. Can the U.S. and China work together integrating renewable energy and electrifying end uses of energy? What is the proper balance between working to create external incentives and disincentives that move China in Americas preferred directions, and dealing directly with China to influence how they define and pursue their interests? The concentration of focus will be on global bodies and frameworks with either a treaty foundation or high prestige thus, the G-20; UN Security Council; IMF; WTO and those which play a key role in the regulation of globalization (e.g. Isaac Stone Fish: Yes, the U.S. is in bad shape. MOE replaced Hanban with a new agency to manage overseas language and culture exchanges, the Center for Language Education and Cooperation (CLEC). Furthermore, in August 2021, the U.S. Senate passed major bi-partisan legislation for American competitiveness against rising China, which included $10 billion in funding to establish regional. Nowhere in the article was the Taiwan government's funding for Brookings and its scholars disclosed. In a 2014 report on CI partnerships, the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) argued that allowing third-party control of academic matters compromises academic freedom and institutional autonomy. China, East Asia ysun@stimson.org (202) 478-3434 Yun Sun is a Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the East Asia Program and Director of the China Program at the Stimson Center. How important is Europe for Americas China policy? Brookings Institution Puts President on Leave Amid Lobbying Inquiry. As part of our commitment to transparency, Huaweis support for the Governance Studies program at Brookings is listed in our 2018, 2017, and 2013 Annual Reports, which are the only years for which contributions were received from the company, said Horne. How state and local leaders can harness new infrastructure funding to build a stronger, more . How can global players urge China to make its funding more transparent and concessional, and channel more via multilateral routes such as the World Bank? The person who wrote the Safe Cities report (along with a former Brookings intern) is Darrell M. West, Brookings vice president and founding director of its Center for Technology Innovation. In 2014, the scholars John Delury and Orville Schell opined that the Chinese party-state had continued to shock the world with its ability to change course and prevail, despite its rigidities and constraints. Chinese leadership appears to have recognized the potential constraints early on and has worked to adapt the Chinese system to combine the innovative aspects of capitalism with more rigid, traditional socialist features. As the analyst Arthur Kroeber argues in Chinas Economy, Chinese firms are good at adaptive innovationthe concept of taking existing products, services, or processes and modifying them to make them more receptive to Chinas economic and military needs. So when Chinas Peoples Liberation Army unveiled its J-20 stealth fighter in 2011, it caused an uproar in U.S. defense circles because of its similarity to American equivalents and seemed to confirm the perception of China as reliant on copying the work of others. In comparison, as of 2018, only one-fifth of the U.S. population had ever used mobile payments. What are the kinds of improved deterrent strategies and warfighting strategies for the United States and allies that would mitigate these risksto include different U.S. defense postures in the region, improved innovation and modernization strategies for the American armed forces, and a better-developed concept of integrated deterrence as that incipient concept is now being discussed at the Pentagon and beyond? China has worked to restructure its higher education system to develop universities capable of conducting research and competing at an international level through the 985 Project, the 211 Project, and now the Double First-Class Plan. Ryan Hass, Emilie Kimball, and Bill Finan, Global China is contesting the US-led order, Rush Doshi, Lindsey W. Ford, and Ryan Hass, The global competition to govern digital trade, Global Chinas energy and climate policies, Jeffrey Ball, Lindsey W. Ford, and Samantha Gross, Lindsey W. Ford, Bruce Riedel, and Natan Sachs, Global Chinas ambitions in the Indian Ocean region, Lindsey W. Ford, Zach Vertin, and Joshua T. White, Technology competition between the US and a Global China, Lindsey W. Ford, Chris Meserole, and Tom Stefanick, 5G Deployment and Digital Competition with China, Margaret Taylor, Tom Wheeler, and Nicol Turner Lee, Global Chinas advanced technology ambitions, Lindsey W. Ford, Saif M. Khan, and Remco Zwetsloot, Global Chinas ambitions across East Asia, Lindsey W. Ford, Richard C. Bush, Jonathan Stromseth, and Lynn Kuok, Global Chinas plan for overseas military bases, Lindsey W. Ford, Mara Karlin, and Leah Dreyfuss, Deterring military conflict with a global China, Lindsey W. Ford, Michael E. OHanlon, and Caitlin Talmadge, Chinese domestic politics in the rise of global China.
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