The manager tries to fill in but doesn't know how to run the drive-through intercom or broiler. c. formal group Appropriate emotions for a given role or situation, Answer: B. b. b. Two tenets of bureaucracy are related to rules: management by ruleswhich relates to the organization of the officeand the requirement for written rules that can be learned (Weber 1946). a. This effort aims to improve the overall experience of interacting with government and administrative agencies, making it less bureaucratic and more streamlined. Whereas Weber sought to describe characteristics of bureaucracy and, arguably, how to make it most efficient, these others sought to understand people within those organizations. These rights are inalienable and universal, which means that people are entitled to them by virtue of being human, regardless of race, sex, gender, language, religion, national or ethnic origin, property, political opinion, disability, or any other status (Art. Sociologists term this awareness __________. Carol is experiencing: A set of expectations for people who occupy a social position or status: The process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. c. a more rigid hierarchical structure d. Expressive For economic, social, and cultural rights, state interference is sought: the government is asked to protect individuals against human rights violations. d. affiliation, Annette, Joshua, Sandra, and Luis are college students who met for the first time in a sociology class. Social Expressive Human rights also implicate work and the workplace through the regulation labor rights (Art. active participation of both members is crucial to the survival of dyads. b. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. From the organization perspective, inefficiencies may result, which is not a goal of bureaucracy. a. Raghu, who is authoritative and makes major decisions for his team on his own b. Anna, who only provides inputs to her subordinates and leaves them to make their own decisions c. Kevin, who never participates in decision making and asks his subordinates to make decisions d. Hannah, who encourages feedback from her subordinates and gets a consensus from them before making any important decision, a. Raghu, who is authoritative and makes major decisions for his team on his own. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes a. strengthening existing hierarchical structures. Psychology - The Biological Perspective, Communication - Writing Negative Messages Quiz level 3, Pre Exam Quiz 5; Human Development and Family Studies, Quiz Preview 10/ Psychology - Principles of Social Psychology, Quiz Facts 7' Psychology - Cognitive Functioning, Quiz Lot 2. Analyses of a HRBA applied in the private sector show that addressing human rights concerns can be profitable and enhance the business reputation, attractiveness, and recognition, increase employee productivity, open new markets and investor opportunities, and create a more stable work environment with less production delays and increased ability to attract the most qualified and motivated employees (Amis, Brew, and Ersmarker 2005; Ruggie 2011). c. accommodation d. aggregate, Which of these sociologists applied ideal type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study bureaucracies? The cooperative is an alternative to bureaucracy; these are collectives owned by members who collectively make decisions, determine goals, evaluate resources, set salaries, and assign work tasks. While they seem to pay tribute to values of equity, nondiscrimination, and participation, our analysis shows that there is need for additional engagement in these areas. These examples illustrate __________ in a bureaucratic organization. Next, we apply a human rights framework to bureaucracy in the public sector. We now turn to critically assess the practice and implementation of characteristics of bureaucracynamely those related to merit and neutrality, and rulesfrom a human rights perspective and evaluate their compatibility with the HRBA. d. authoritarian, __________ leadership is most appropriate when the group's purpose is to complete a task or reach a particular goal. b. instrumental That is why in societies like ours, it has become customary for people to seek the help of patrons even when they dont really need one. b. 5 Free According to many _____ theorists, popular culture serves a significant . Notably, while bureaucracys characteristics can create an impersonality or disinterestedness that is beneficial for democracy (Du Gay 2000 in Adler 2012), this impersonality can also lead to an iron cage, in which people are destined to live but over which [they], as ordinary citizens, have little control (Maley 2004, 69). Interpret the meaning of the Y intercept, b0b_0b0, and the slope, b1b_1b1, in this problem. Which of these characteristics do virtual communities and face-to-face communities have in common? d. symbolic interactionists, The least amount of interaction between members occurs in a(n) __________. 2002; Meier and Nicholson-Crotty 2006; Sowa and Selden 2003; Wilkins and Williams 2008). b. this research raises some questions concerning research ethics a reduction in the amount of informal activity Guy, Mary E., and Sean A. McCandless, eds. While we cannot directly attribute these federal employment patterns to failed nondiscrimination policies, these studies show more work to increase nondiscrimination, diversity, and equity is necessary. the degree of social cohesion felt by participants is very important regarding how individuals respond to group pressure 175 The __________ style of leadership would be most effective in this situation. Which of the following terms did German political sociologist Robert Michels use to refer to the tendency of a bureaucracy to be ruled by the few? Further, Woodard argues that merit has become so engrained in the federal personnel system that the value of merit itself has become lost; instead, the focus is on following the rules and regulations of that system. 9. The Pendleton Act of 1883, brought about by the assassination of James A. Garfield by someone denied a patronage appointment, mandated that federal positions be filled based on merit and not patronage practices. This is an example of the bureaucratic characteristic of __________. Also, individuals who have an active stake in determining their affairs are more engaged and productive (Kappelman and Richards 1996). a. Today, human rights are codified in international and national laws. Latisha would be considered the __________ leader of the group. d. National Organization for Women, "Bureaucratic personality" refers to_____________________________. A person's class (socioeconomic status based on a person's education, occupation, and income) is the most significant predictor of whether a person will participate in a mainstream __________ organization.. While a HRBA might require major rethinking of processes and might come at the expense of some efficiency, at least in the short run, long-term impact and investment in equity will lead to a more inclusive and equitable environment, countering bureaucracies tendency toward domination and dehumanization. may be more common than most people would like to believe, Sociologists refer to the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture, or other group as __________. 24 UDHR), and set general principles for standard of living and overall well-being (Art. A. strengthening existing hierarchical structures. democracy Kaufmann, W., E. L. Borry, and L. DeHart-Davis. d. one-half, The term for people with whom we have primary relationships and those in our primary groups is __________. c. transitional A number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic, such as education level, age, race, or gender, is called a(n) __________. c. outgroup construction Similarly, the use of human rights language has shown to contribute to individual empowerment and agency for underrepresented groups and foster more substantive visions of justice, provide a moral framework, and a common language to express core values of the organization with regards to equity (Ignatieff 2001). d. social control, The text points out that ingroup and outgroup distinctions______________________. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. normative The social psychological model of red tape informs us that employees who feel alienated from the workplace will report higher levels of red tape (Pandey and Kingsley 2000). Racialized burdens: Applying racialized organization theory to the administrative state. b. democratic Still, he was lucky to have encountered government employees who took the trouble to confer about his situation and, rather than raise a big issue about the problem posed by the difference between his Chinese name and the westernized name he used in the hospital, decided to process his claim. Knowing how well-oiled the Singaporean public state machine is, I, of course, warn him about expecting to find the same level of public service in a country that is far bigger and less rigidly governed than his own. The psychological process view of bureaucratic red tape. He is refused shelter for the night because he arrived late. c. outgroups b. They talk daily about each other's grandchildren, share grocery shopping trips, and offer each other advice. Keiser, L. R., V. M. Wilkins, K. J. Meier, and C. A. Holland. Notably, we acknowledge that human rights are afforded not just to bureaucratsor employeesbut also to those that bureaucracies serve, but focus our critique on how the HRBA applies to those within the bureaucracy. aggregate The __________ style of leadership would be most effective in this. A kind word for Theory X: Or why so many newfangled management techniques quickly fail. 1968), can thus reduce employees decision-making power. The first part of this definition deals with equity within public organizations, and therefore implicates employees standing within bureaucracies. Weber on bureaucracy: Management consultant or political theorist? It may be voluntary or involuntary. a. a married couple or domestic partnership of two people Obligation to fulfill: States must take positive action to facilitate enjoyment of human rights. We trace two areas of bureaucracy theory that are widely found in public organizationsmerit and neutrality, and rulesthrough the lens of the HRBA. Instead of discussing their concerns, they do not want to challenge the leader's authority. three-quarters For the issues relating to merit and neutrality, attention to human rights can offer a different way to assess ability to earn and perform in a positionone that pays special attention to the circumstances of a specific employee and considers their status in society and the organization in which they work. A HRBA brings structural issues such as inequality, discrimination, and exclusion into focus. Green tape theory is that of effective rules (DeHart-Davis, 2009; , 2017), and its components align well with some of the human rights principles in the HRBA. While bureaucracies are inevitable, organizations benefit if they ensure that their processes respect human rights and focus on equity, nondiscrimination, and fairness. The result was a shared assumption of safety that ultimately resulted in the explosion of a BP oil rig and an unprecedented environmental disaster. d. secondary group, Political parties, ecological activist groups, religious organizations, parent-teacher associations, and college sororities and fraternities are examples of __________ organizations. c. Max Weber This assumption is potentially fostered in part by translation differences. __________ leadership is most appropriate when the group is dealing with emotional issues, and when harmony, solidarity, and high morale are needed. Psychology - The Biological Perspective, Communication - Writing Negative Messages Quiz level 3, Pre Exam Quiz 5; Human Development and Family Studies, Quiz Preview 10/ Psychology - Principles of Social Psychology, Quiz Facts 7' Psychology - Cognitive Functioning, Quiz Lot 2. Webers term __________ refers to the process by which traditional informal and spontaneous methods of social organization are gradually replaced by efficiently administered formal rules and procedures. a. b. She does not own her office, and so she cannot use it to favor relatives, friends, and acquaintances. Cognitive Psychology - Memory. Steps need to be taken to mitigate the potential negative effects of specialization for human rights and equity. Without a human-centered approach, scholars and organizations are missing important opportunities to strengthen the fourth pillar of public administration and reaping the benefits of being a human rights-based organization. Please try again. Second, rules may be used differently by different people, and they may be applied in such a way that excludes certain groups of people, thereby not respecting the principle of nondiscrimination and, especially in terms of the latter, access and agency by underrepresented groups. A(n) __________ is an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon (such as bureaucracy). a. trained incapacity b. bureaucracy c. oligarchy d. goal displacement, A(n) __________ is a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a . It is distinguished from informal and collegial organizations. For example, Woodard (2005) argues that merit has become more related to compensation than to values driving the public sector workforce. a. dispersion. Green tape, by virtue of being written and having understood purposes help to empower people and all of these helps increase transparency and accountability. They can counteract negative tendencies in bureaucratic processes geared toward efficiency and dismantle the structures of discrimination which drive poverty and inequality. Review of Public Personnel Administration. what percent of texas is christian; Blog Details Title ; By | June 29, 2022. part . laissez-faire coalition Applying the terms for problems that are frequent. b. b. The text uses the expression "bureaucracy's other face" to refer to _________. secondary group In Webers bureaucracy, people are appointed to their positions because of meritbecause of what they can do, rather than because of who they are. totalitarian These examples illustrate __________ in a bureaucratic organization. c. popular culture. c. utilitarian Portillo, S., D. Bearfield, and N. Humphrey. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes, The tendency for a bureaucracy to be ruled by the few is termed. d. rules and regulations, After conducting his research, Solomon Asch concluded that __________. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories that he identified? d. primary and secondary groups are equally likely to be specialized, but in different ways, c. people in a secondary group may eventually form a primary group, A college president need not be effective in designing promotional brochures. discourage feelings of group superiority That is, the potentially inconsistent application of rules, for various reasons noted above, can inhibit efforts toward nondiscrimination, create a lack of transparency and accountability and access by organizational members, and limit agency by employees of marginalized identities. A dozen inexperienced backpackers are preparing to settle in for the night when they realize that someone in the group is missing. b. goal displacement a. The goal is to empower individuals in being active participants in the process and creates rights, responsibilities, and concrete expectations. 3. a. human rights d. anticipatory socialization, The bureaucratic tendency toward rule by the few is termed __________. The right to freedom of speech, for example, limits the ability of the state to regulate personal opinion or interfere in private matters. In which type of group is the participation of all members crucial to the survival of the group? Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes _______. These bureaucrats are more likely to be those who are risk-takers and have nonconformist personalities. c. people in a secondary group may eventually form a primary group b. Red tapewhich can be construed as dysfunctional rulescomes front of mind when it inhibits the ability to do ones job (Campbell 2019). The manager tries to fill in but doesn't know how to run the drive-through intercom or broiler. The perspective developed by Erving Goffman that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation is called. The organization of bureaucracies according to specialization implies that individuals will also have specialized knowledge and technical expertise (or, merit). d. informal structure, The sociologist who first defined the differences between primary and secondary groups is __________. States therefore regulate labor rights and are asked to ensure equal pay for equal work, to provide basic education, to establish a social network, and to cover basic needs, such as housing, food, and medical care. within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________. b. Applying the terms for problems that are frequent within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________, Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes_____. 111. Human rights are applicable everywhere, for everyone, and at all times, and should not be limited except through the human rights of others or in times of emergency. __________ size refers to the number of potential members a group has. Notably, perceptions of red tape can be impacted by perceptions of organizational structure, including centralization and hierarchy, elements related to Webers bureaucracy. Easy Quiz 2. formal organization Over time, the emphasis has instead been on fair and equal treatment of those within the system: the understanding of what a merit-based system represents is shifting from a political context to a legal and social one, defining how employees are to be treated in public organizations (p. 1123). As the name makes clear, human rights designates individuals as rights holders. ), "Calculation of EPS and retained earnings Everdeen Mining, Inc., ended 2015 with a net profit before taxes of $436,000. 2021). social control The __________ style of leadership would be most effective in this situation. primary A greater emphasis on sharing information. 10. What can we do with a rights-based approach to development? ingroup accommodation A human rights-based approach (HRBA) puts human rights values and principles at the core of strategy, process, and outcome. Further, special attention must be paid to the participation of underrepresented groups. 110. dyad Bureaucracy is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters. Passive representation occurs when the demographics of the bureaucracys employees mirror the demographics of those they serve; active representation assumes that shared values arising from passive representation will produce actions that are more beneficial to the clients in question (Meier and Nicholson-Crotty 2006, 851). It also serves to empower individuals to shape their own affairs through the right to political participation or access public services equally (Art. Rishi is a member of a reading group. The economic results of cooperatives have been mixed; some are more profitable than private organizations, some are less. For example, automation is both increasing and changing the workforce by rendering some jobs obsolete. d. friends going out to dinner together, b. teachers in a school district who work together to demand better wages, __________ needs are met by opportunities of self-expression and support from family, friends, and peers. Joaquin is continuously trying to improve group harmony and reduce the conflict in the group. greater emphasis on sharing ideas. Cooley coined the term __________ for a larger, more specialized group in which the members engage in impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time. The cases of Anna and Genie are presented in the text in order to illustrate the point that_____________________________. pvuuu5023 pvuuu5023 04/05/2018 History High School answered expert verified democratic rationality d. traditional, A(n) __________ is an alliance created in an attempt to reach a shared objective or goal. employees' interaction with each other while at work d. Herbert Spencer, The leader of a work group has proposed a solution to a problem that some group members believe will have negative results. c. dyad c. George H. Mead A corporate executive need not be able to program the department's computer system. __________ needs cannot always be met by one person, so being in a group enables one to complete, 7. c. autocracy Several employees at a fast food restaurant call in sick at the last minute. Carol's mom asks her to come over for dinner, but Carol has 3 chapters to read for tomorrow's test. The source used here is the Gerth and Mills 1946 translation of Webers Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, originally published in German in 1922. Credit for this phrasing belongs to one of our anonymous reviewers. A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. Expressive laissez-faire 15. I have a friend from Singapore, Peter Chong, a retiree who married a Filipina and has made our country his home. a. b. Decisions are made on behalf of the people by leaders who engage in a process of bargaining, accommodation, and compromise, A _____ is a currently valued style of behavior, thinking, or appearance that is longer lasting and more widespread than a fad, A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. The bureaucratic tendency toward rule by the few is termed __________, Examples of include the AFL-CIO (representing the majority of labor unions) and citizens' groups such as the American Conservative Union and Zero Population Growth, The extensive infusion of one nation's culture into other nations is referred to as: All human rights are interrelated as the realization of one right often depends, wholly or in part, upon the realization of others. A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. Human rights training for employees at all levels and raising awareness for peoples human rights, both in general and specifically relating to their work role, can increase participation and access and raises consciousness for basic human right principles such as nondiscrimination and equality as well as the indivisibility and interdependence of human rights in the organizational context. Which type of theorist is most concerned with the influence of group size on the interaction among members? Which of these sociologists applied ideal type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study bureaucracies? a. d. bureaucracy, Cooley coined the term __________ for a larger, more specialized group in which the members engage in impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time. Strengths and weaknesses in a human rights-based approach to international developmentAn analysis of a rights-based approach to development assistance based on practical experiences. 21 UDHR). For example, we focused largely on five of the six characteristics of bureaucracy and followed them up with just a few relevant streams of research. Hierarchy adds to the layers of management, with more layers placing lower-level employees further and further from top-level management, while more centralization reduces the amount of decision-making power held by those lower-level employees. b. a. A(n) __________ organization is a highly structured secondary group formed for the purpose of achieving specific goals in the most efficient manner. a. Leaders using the __________ style of leadership are only minimally involved in decision making and encourage group members to make their own decisions. a. the CEO or other person who comes to be associated with a bureaucratic organization b. the image a bureaucracy presents to the media c.an employee who is more concerned with following the rules than getting the job done d. employees' interaction with each other while at work c. b. Research handbook human resource management in the public sector, Examining red tape in public and private organizations: Alternative explanations from a social psychological model, Public managers perceptions of organizational goal ambiguity: Analyzing alternative models, Human rights-based approach to applied psychology, The myth of bureaucratic neutrality: Institutionalized inequity in local government hiring, The paradox of rules: Rules as resources and constraints.
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